PR1 RRL (Organization and Approaches) - Copy.pptx

Practical Research 1 PPT
Synthesizing information from relevant literature

1. SYNTHESIZING INFORMATION FROM RELEVANT LITERATURE Subject: PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 Teacher: Mrs. Ariane B. Mendoza

2. CONTENT STANDARD AND PERFORMANCE STANDARD CS : 1. the criteria in selecting, citing, and synthesizing related literature 2. ethical standards in writing related literature PS : 1. select, cite, and synthesize properly related literature 2. use sources according to ethical standards 3. present written review of related literature 2

3. MELCS Cites related literature using standard style. Synthesizes information from relevant literature. 3

4. What’s New Tell whether the following sources of related literature are Primary Source or Secondary Source. speeches textbooks letters magazines diaries autobiographies biographies interviews official reports court records artifacts photographs drawings encyclopedia circular almanacs bulletins school records journals / dictionaries 4

5. The said sources can be categorized as: 1. Primary Sources: artifacts, autobiographies, court records, diaries, speeches, interviews, letters, drawings, maps, photographs. 2. Secondary Sources: biographies, dictionaries, journal articles, handbooks, magazines, newspapers, reports, textbooks, 5

6. Review of Related Literature A review of related literature (RRL ) is a detailed review of existing literature related to the topic of a thesis or dissertation. In an RRL, you talk about knowledge and findings from existing literature relevant to your topic. 6

7. Locating the Sources of Related Literature and Studies Generally, the sources of related literature and studies according to Calderon & Gonzales (2015) can be accessed from the following: Libraries, either government or schools (private or public) Government and private offices The National Library and 4. Online websites (Aparejo, 2018) 7

8. ORGANIZING RELATED LITERATURE One of the greatest problems among researchers in writing the related literature is how to organize the review . There are ways on how to organize your review of literature and studies: . 8

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10. ORGANIZING RELATED LITERATURE 1. Through Chronological Order (date/year). This is considered the easiest way in organizing coherent literature reviews and studies. It features how the topic is changed according to year or time and how such topic is thought of today (Cronin, Ryan& Coughlan, 2008). According to Calderon & Gonzales (2015) related materials may also be cited chronologically, that is, according to the year they were written. Materials which were written earlier should be cited first before those which were written later. This can be done especially when citation is by author or writer 10

11. 1. Through Chronological Order (date/year) 1 11

12. ORGANIZING RELATED LITERATURE 2. Through broad-to-specific topic . According to Cronin, Ryan & Coughlan (2008), you can also organize your related review of literature and studies by starting it from a general issue of topic, then lower it down to specific issues in the literature until it reaches and links to your research title, question, research keywords, thesis statement and hypothesis. 12

13. 2. Through broad-to-specific topic . An example of this is when you start the problem of teenage pregnancy internationally or globally. Start by establishing the trend of such problem globally, then at national level, to your province, city or locality and to your own barangay (Aparejo, 2010). 13

14. ORGANIZING RELATED LITERATURE 3. Through major models or major theories. Another approach in writing coherent and organized review of related literature and studies is by arranging it according to its significant models or major theories. 14

15. 3. Through major models or major theories. When various models or theories emerge in your studies, it is better to arrange them according to their importance in your research. Group the articles you read and researched by models and theories to get coherent view of your review of related literature and studies (Cronin, Ryan & Coughlan, 2008). 15

16. ORGANIZING RELATED LITERATURE 4. Through prominent authors If a certain author, writer or researcher had developed a certain innovation, model, theory or education breakthrough and then other authors or researchers continue studying and developing it, it is good to arrange such authors by their popularity or fame. 16

17. 4. Through prominent authors It is also better if authors be organized according to whose famous authors they agreed upon. With this organization, coherence of author’s view on specific issues from one author to another is vividly followed (Cronin, Ryan& Coughlan, 2008). 17

18. ORGANIZING RELATED LITERATURE 5. Through contrasting schools of thought. By this approach of organizing your related literature and study, you can group together major arguments or contrasting differences that came up in your research with researchers stressing their agreement and disagreement in their approaches and ideas. 18

19. ORGANIZING RELATED LITERATURE 6. Through thematic concept or by topic It refers to the related reviews that are organized on specific topic or a concept, an issue or trend of the time. It is different form chronological and by publication because it focuses on concept or topic rather than time and year of publication. 19

20. 6. Through thematic concept or by topic For instance, a review of the impact of internet to Philippine political system. Although in this type of organization the chronological and thematic organization can still be present in its development, the focus in the thematic approach is not the year nor the theme but the role of the internet in political system of government. 20

21. Through thematic concept or by topic 21

22. ORGANIZING RELATED LITERATURE 7. Through methodological approach. In the methodological approach, the focus is on the method the researcher used. For example, the literature review focuses on the method used by the graduating Senior High School students to raise funds for their entrepreneurship proposal or method used to increase agricultural yields among agriculture students. It can also be the method used by the STEM students in their researches on the preservation of our nature using the innovation brought by technology. 22

23. 7. Through methodological approach. Any method used in research by researchers or by respondents that would become a phenomenon of innovation, breakthrough, success or failure will become the subject of discussion, focus and interest on researchers’ world. To help you understand what is method, let us try to answer this first. 1. Enumerate the methods used in communication or in sending ideas. Possible answers are: language, letters, using technology, verbal and written or oral communication. 2. Enumerate the method used in order to become professional or educated Possible answers are: schooling, self-study, online study, etc. 23

24. THROUGH METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH 24 This example uses methodological approach considering that the method used in increasing academic performance is the differentiated instructions inspired by the Theory of Multiple Intelligences.

25. ORGANIZING RELATED LITERATURE 25 Look at the example from the study of Ghamrawi (2013) titled “The Relationship between the Leadership Styles of Lebanese Public-School Principals and Their Attitudes towards ICT versus the Level of ICT Use by Their Teachers”. Using other sections of related literature such as: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Educational Leadership and ICT and Attitudes and Level of Use of ICT in Schools, what do you think is the type of organization in writing the review of related literature used by the author?

26. ORGANIZING RELATED LITERATURE 26 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Education There are opposing views to the impact ICT has on the acquisition of leaning by students. On one hand, ICT has been viewed as a tool for promoting quality learning. This is supported by studies from several parts of the globe such as Ghamawi (2011), Gillespie (2006), Romeo (2006), Murphy (2006), Wonget.al. (2006) Becta (2003), Yelland (2001) Oliver (2000) and Grimus (2000). Grimus (2000) assures that “…by teaching ICT skills in primary schools the pupils are prepared to future development based on proper understanding” (p.362). This is also manifested by Yelland (2001) who emphasizes the fact that there is no efficient and effective schooling unless ICT is well integrated within teaching and learning

27. ORGANIZING RELATED LITERATURE 27 Leadership and ICT A huge body of literature argues that school leaders play an imperative role in terms of setting the stage for effective integration of ICT in schools ( Kerney & McGarr, 2009; Kirkland & Sutch , 2009; Haynes, 2007; Steed et al., 2005; Jacobson & Hunter 2004; Schiller, 2003; Solwinski , 2000). Condie and Munro (2007) who enlist a large number of barriers against the effective integration of ICT in schools, assure that school leadership tops this list. Sweeny (2005) assures that “effective leadership is the most critical component in ensuring the successful implementation of any program in an educational setting (p.48)

28. ORGANIZING RELATED LITERATURE 28 Attitudes and Level of Use of ICT in Schools Studies addressing ICT integration in the teaching and learning process have underscored also teachers’ attitudes towards ICT ( Albirini , 2006). Kluever et al. (1994) consider attitudes as a key factor determining whether teachers would tend to accept computers as teaching tools that they would employ in their teaching. Harrison and Rainer (1992) assure that teachers with weak attitudes towards ICT often display low competencies in using computers. They would be, therefore, less likely to use ICT in their teaching and learning.

29. Which among the given approaches in organizing review of related literature will you most likely to apply in your own research paper, and why? 29

30. How can you relate the concept of the use of citation in real life? 30

31. What I Have Learned 31

32. EVALUATION Identify the approach used in the review of related literature to be given by the teacher. 32

33. 33 ASSIGNMENT Apply what you have learned by citing the importance of review of related literature in research. You may do this in the form of any of the following: Poem Writing/Spoken Poetry Slogan Making Poster Making Lyrics Composition Just choose the medium which interests you the most.  

34. Thank You! 34