Prabhpreet creative presentation G&D Presentation

Growth & Development

1. Creative Presentation Development- Concept, stages and principles. Presented to: Presented by: Dr. Kirti Prajapati . Prabhpreet Kaur (Dept. of education) Roll no. 36 M.Ed. Ist sem.

2. Development and growth Development and growth are two concepts that are interrelated and interdependent upon each other. Without understanding one, explanation of the other is not possible. These two terms are used interchangeabally to explain the concept of Human Development. Development is a series of orderly progression of change towards maturity. Orderly refers to the arrangement of the changes. That is each change at each stage is dependent upon what preceded it and it will affect what will come later. Development does not takes place haphazardly. Growth on the other hand can be defined as increase in size, height and weight. It is quantitative in nature. It can be easily observed, appraised or measured.

3. Development versus growth. Development Growth Wider approach- physical, intellectual, emotional, social, aesthetic and moral aspect. Part of development- concerns only the physical development Continuous; from the birth till the death Not continuous starts with conception but is limited at a particular age Quantitative as well as qualitative Quantitative Includes improvement in structure and functioning of an individual Includes only improvement in structure of the body Function of both environment and heredity. Mostly the function of organism Subjected to assessment Subjected to measurement Includes growth and differentiation of different parts of body Includes cellular changes

4. Characteristics of development Wider and comprehensive concept. Continuous in nature Include changes in body and behaviour Quantitative as well as qualitative Integrated process Organized Product of heredity and environment Subjected to assessment Related to growth

5. Stages of development

6. Stages of development

7. Infancy stage- Trust vs mistrust (0 to 18 months) The Infant is confronted with the crisis named trust versus mistrust. During this period the baby is completed dependent upon its mother or care taker for the satisfaction of its needs. The way it is nourished, handled, protected and kept safe and comfortable at this stage may provide the baby with a sense of security or insecurity, a feeling of Trust or mistrust in the mother or care taker and ultimately in its surroundings

8. Early childhood- Autonomy vs shame and doubt (2-3yr) With the newly developed motor or physical skills and language ability the child now engages in exploring his environment and experimenting with his strength and limitations for achieving a sense of autonomy and independence. The child now needs proper safety measures against the risks involved in activities like walking, running, pulling and handling the objects of his environment. The children who are denied the opportunity to develop a sense of Independence by over protective or Harsh parents begin to doubt their ability and ultimately begin to feel embarrassed or ashamed in the presence of others.

9. Preschool- Initiative vs guilt (3 to 5 years) Equipped with the sense of trust and autonomy the child now begins to take initiative in interacting with his environment. He ask questions about each and everything, explores his environment ceaselessly and engages in Planning and carrying out activities of various kinds. In case the child is discouraged from taking the initiative by his parents and guardians, not having faith in him or is pulled down by unhealthy criticism, punishment or rebuke for minor failures the child is sure to develop a sense of guilt leading to hesitation and indecision and lack of initiative and planning and carrying out his life activities.

10. School age- industry vs inferiority (6 to 11 years) By this is the children usually begin to attend the school and give hand to the parents at their homes. In case the child performs well at, School, home or another social environments or is admired for intellectual or motor pursuits, he will be likely to develop a sense of industry filled with the sense of achievement. If he does not satisfy his teachers and parents with his performance he may look down upon himself and developes of inferiority

11. Adolescence- Indentity vs role confusion(12 to 18 yrs) This stage beginning with the advent of puberty is marked with the crisis of Identity versus role confusion. With the sense of Trust, autonomy initiative and industry, adolescents begin to search for their own personal identity. This stage is Marked by sudden and Rapid bodily changes and anxiety and pressure related to this, need to make decision about future education and career leads to adolescent trying to search for his new role and identity, results in role confusion and consequently individual not be able to find himself.

12. Young adult- intimacy vs isolation (19-40 years) The individual seeks to form closed person attachments by merging his identity with that of another person. The relationships developed into such a close involvement that he tends to risk even the loss of his ego or image as it is evident in harmonious relationships. The opposite of intimacy is isolation , when one fails to develop an adequate sense of intimacy by merging ones identity with that of another person or when relation deteriorates for one reason or another then the person develops a sense of isolation- a pulling away from relationships and breaking off of tiles

13. Middle adulthood-creativity vs stagnation (45-65 yrs.) An individuals life up to this is taken up with trying to establish himself in a professional career. Now he needs to satisfy his need for generativity, a concern to established and guide the next generation. This is realised through nurturing his own children, guiding and directing other young people and by engaging in some kind of Creative, productive or fruitful activity that may prove beneficial to society. As opposed to the sense of generativity, there is a tendency on the part of the individual to become egoistic and selfish. This leads to stagnation.

14. Maturity-ego integrity vs despair (65yrs. till death) During this last stage of development one is confronted with the final crisis of one's life span term ego integrity vs despair. Ego integrity refers to the integration of the successful resolution of all the previous crisis in course of one's life. The successful resolution of the previous crisis provides a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction to ones ego. On the other hand persons who have not been able to successfully resolve the previous crisis of the developmental stages feel differently. They look back on their lies with despair and feel dissatisfied with the way they have lived their lives.

15. Principles of development

16. Principle of continuity Development is continuous in nature, it starts with the conception and ends with death. The changes however, small and gradual, continue to take place in all the dimensions of one’s personality throughout the life. Principle of Lack of uniformity in development rate Development does not exhibits tediness and uniformity in terms of the rate of development in various dimensions of personality or in developmental periods and stages of life. In certain period the development might be slow and a certain spurt can be there

17. Principle of individual differences Rate of developedment is different for different individuals. In every individual the development a rate is unique and specific. Principle of orderly development Development process from general to specific. The child first learns general things then only it learn specific or particular things

18. Principle of sequential development Development follows cephalocaudal sequence, that is development occurs head towards bottom. Development follows proximo distal sequence, that is spinal cord of the individual develops first and then proximities develop. Principle of rapid development during early years Development proceed more rapidly in the early years of life. Period of infancy marked by period of very Rapid growth and development.

19. Principle of interrelated development Development occurs as a whole. All the types of development including physical, intellectual, emotional and social are interrelated and interdependent. Principle of interaction of heredity and environment Both heredity and environment play a very important role in all the aspect of development of a child.

20. Principle of differential development Male and the female child developed differently. Girls mature earlier in comparison to boys. Principle of different rates of development Some parts of the body develop rapidly while some parts of body develop slowly.