Practical Research 1 Semi-final review.pptx

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1. Practical Research Semi-Final Exam Review

2. Integral Citation versus Non-integral Citation Integral Citation Non-integral Citation Definition Integral citations are citations that are integrated into the text of your writing, forming a natural part of the sentence or paragraph. Non-integral citations are citations that are placed outside the main text, usually in parentheses or as footnotes.

3. Integral Citation versus Non-integral Citation Integral Citation Non-integral Citation Example According to Smith (2010), "climate change poses significant challenges to global agriculture.“ Smith (2010) argues that climate change poses significant challenges to global agriculture. "Climate change poses significant challenges to global agriculture" (Smith, 2010). Some scholars argue that climate change poses significant challenges to global agriculture (Smith, 2010).

4. Integral Citation versus Non-integral Citation Integral Citation Non-integral Citation Usage Integral citations are often used when you are directly quoting or paraphrasing a source and want to integrate it seamlessly into your own writing. Non-integral citations are often used when you want to refer to a source without interrupting the flow of your writing.

5. Integral Citation versus Non-integral Citation Integral Citation Non-integral Citation Features The author's name is typically mentioned in the sentence. The publication year is usually included, often in parentheses. The author's name and publication year are typically enclosed in parentheses or mentioned in footnotes. They are placed at the end of a sentence or phrase that contains information derived from the source.

6. SUMMARY PARAPHRASE Definition - condenses the main ideas or points of a source into a shorter form, capturing the essence of the original text without including all the details. - rephrases the original text in your own words, maintaining the meaning of the original while altering the phrasing and structure. SHORT DIRECT QUOTATION BLOCK DIRECT QUOTATION Definition - involves directly quoting a small portion of the original text, usually one sentence or a few words, within your own writing. - involves directly quoting a larger portion of the original text, typically more than 40 words, and it is presented as a separate block of text.

7. SUMMARY PARAPHRASE Briefly covers the main points. Usually significantly shorter than the original text. Uses your own words. Restates the original meaning in different words. Does not include quotation marks. Requires proper citation. FEATURES SHORT DIRECT QUOTATION BLOCK DIRECT QUOTATION Uses quotation marks to indicate the exact words of the original. Usually brief, typically one sentence or less. Requires proper citation. Presented as a separate block of text, usually indented. Does not use quotation marks. Typically longer, more than 40 words. Requires proper citation.

8. EXAMPLES: Summary: Original : "In his research, Smith (2010) found that climate change has a significant impact on agricultural productivity, leading to food shortages and economic instability." Summary : Smith (2010) demonstrated that climate change affects agricultural productivity, leading to food shortages and economic instability.

9. EXAMPLES: Paraphrase: Original : "The study indicates that climate change affects agricultural productivity by causing shifts in weather patterns, leading to unpredictable growing conditions.” Paraphrase : The research suggests that changes in weather patterns due to climate change can lead to unpredictable conditions for agriculture, impacting productivity.

10. EXAMPLES: Short Direct Quotation (SDQ): Original : "Climate change poses significant challenges to global agriculture" (Smith, 2010, p. 35). SDQ : According to Smith (2010), "Climate change poses significant challenges to global agriculture" (p. 35).

11. EXAMPLES: Block Direct Quotation (BDQ): Original : "Climate change has profound implications for global agriculture. According to Smith (2010), 'The increasing frequency of extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods, disrupts crop production and threatens food security on a global scale' (p. 35)." BDQ : According to Smith (2010), The increasing frequency of extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods, disrupts crop production and threatens food security on a global scale (p. 35).

12. More Topics to Review: Types of research methodologies: Phenomenology, ethnography, case study, and grounded Types of sampling procedures Types of interview How to formulate the reference list using APA format PREPARE TO RE-TAKE THE EXAM ON WEDNESDAY!!!