practical training for protecting soil erosion by river

Practical training

1. PRACTICAL TRAINING PREPARED BY BT22CIV034- AKASH KUMAR UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Dr . SHASHI NARAYAN PRACTICAL TRAINING REPORT FINAL REPORT SUBMISSION

2. S.no Contents Slide no. 1 Site information 3 2 SITE SITUATION EXPLAIN 4 3 SITE WORK 5 4 ESTIMATION AND COSTING 6-7 5 CONCLUSION 8 Table of contents

3. SITE INFORMATION SITE 1:MISHRANPURWA ,HARDOI 241001 UTTAR PRADESH SITE 2: NONKHARA VILLAGE , HARDOI 241001 UTTAR PRADESH SITE 1 is located at the left side of the bank of the river (GARRA). SITE 2 is located at the right side of the bank of the river (GARRA), which is situated 2km far away from site 1.

4. SITE 1:MISHRANPURWA Assigned task 1 Site has facing problem of soil erosion during flood in rainy season. During rainy season a lot of agricultural land has eroded around ( 2-3 Bigha ) .Many complaints received regarding the issue. A complete estimation and costing has been done to protect the bank of the river near village Mishranpurwa . village is located at right side of the bank of the river .At the location river making a turn due to this velocity of the increases at the turn and the village is located on this turn due to which a lot of agricultural land has been eroded . At office estimation and costing has been done to protect the bank and budget is passed by the Lucknow Region ,which is around 699 Lacs according to new rate 2024.We have given a old Rate by officer to study which have budget around 499 lacs .

5. Site work For protecting the site pitching and launching apron is made at the sensitive part of the river Where river makes turn .Work is done according to the priority first priority is given to the Houses and second priority is given to the agricultural land. For river training work IS 8408 1994 is used which has given guidelines to complete work. IS 8408 (1994): Planning and design of groynes in alluvial river - Guidelines [WRD 22: River Training and Diversion Works]

6. PLANNING AND DESIGN OF GROYNES IN ALLUVIAL RIVER-GUIDELINES ( First Revision ) Groyne: a low wall built out into the sea to prevent it from washing away sand and stones from the beach.

7. SITE 2: NONKHARA VILLAGE Assigned task 2 : Site has facing problem of soil erosion during flood in rainy season. During rainy season a lot of agricultural land has eroded around ( 2-3 Bigha ) .Many complaints received regarding the issue. A complete estimation and costing has been done to protect the bank of the river near village Nonkhara . Nonkhara village is located at left side of the bank of the river .At the location river making a turn due to this velocity of the increases at the turn and the village is located on this turn due to this a lot of agricultural land has been eroded . At office estimation and costing has been done to protect the bank and budget is passed by the Lucknow Region ,which is around 699 Lacs according to new rate 2024.We have given a old Rate by office to study which have budget around 499 lacs.

8. Embodied energy in earth retaining wall An earth retaining wall is a structure designed and constructed to withstand the lateral pressure of soil or hold back soil materials.it providing stability to the soil and preventing soil erosion or collapse of soil .There are few types earth retaining wall :- Cantilever Wall - A type of retaining wall constructed of reinforced concrete. Gravity Wall -. It relies on its own weight and mass to maintain stability, rather than external . If reinforcement is used in gravity wall then the wall is semigravity wall.

9. Gabion Wall- A gabion wall is a type of retaining wall made from large cages or baskets filled with rocks, gravel, concrete, or leftover construction materials . Masonry Wall- A masonry retaining wall is a structure built from materials such as stone, brick, glass, ceramic, concrete blocks, and others, designed to hold back soil, rock, and other materials. Masonry wall Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/RNbQWfwxQMGEWrFw7 Gabion wall Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/5LiVJGYqUMqTZQT7A

10. For the Calculation of the dimensions of the gravity earth retaining wall we considered these properties of the soil (Soil Bearing Capacity (q all ), Coefficient of soil Friction(ф), unit weight of soil ( γ s ), Unit weight of Water( γ w ), Unit weight of Concrete , surcharge(w),Ground water Level , Height of surcharge ,Height of Wall). For design of earth retaining wall, calculation of Embodied energy in earth retaining wall refer to MS- Excel sheet of Embodied energy in gravity wall(1). As per factor of safety for stability of earth retaining wall we had considered these parameter(check for overturning Moment, check for sliding). For designing purpose of earth retaining wall we had assumed that wall is casted of M40 grade of concrete. Value of Embodied energy intensity of materials is taken as mentioned in (Inui et al 2011).

11. From attached table, we can see such a large amount of EE are consume in construction of geotechnical structure(Earth retaining wall) which is leads to emission major gas emissions (CO 2 ,CH 4 ,N 2 O, SO X and NO X ) as per mentioned in (Inui et al 2011) it is equivalent to running a family car 1.4–7.6 million km.

12. Conclusion As we can see such a large amount of embodied energy is consumed in construction of geotechnical structure. When compared with the annual UK household energy consumption, the embodied energy values of these structures are equivalent to over 14,000 annual households’ consumption. The use of recycled steel as reinforcement bar and/ or steel pile is effective in reducing the environmental impact in terms of EE and gas emissions ,with global warming and air pollution potentials. So, design of any geotechnical structure should be such that optimum emission of embodied energy from structure.

13. List of references Bezerra, j. V. A.; Mota, t. G.; Andrade, h. M. L. S.; Andrade, l. P.; Vigoderis, r. B. . Comparative study of retaining walls aiming to optimize carbon footprint. Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais v.11 - n.1 p460-467 (2020). Chau, Soga, O’Riordan and Nicholson .. Embodied energy evaluation for sections of the UK Channel Tunnel rail link. Institution of Civil Engineers Publishing: vol 165 issue GE2 p65-81(2012). Toru Inui 1 ; Chris Chau 2 ; Kenichi Soga, M.ASCE 3 ; Duncan Nicolson 4 ; and Nick O’Riordan, M.ASCE 5 .. Embodied Energy and Gas Emissions of Retaining Wall Structures . J. Geotech. Geoenvironmental. Eng. 2011.137 p958-967(2011). G. P. Hammond and C. I. Jones .. Embodied energy and carbon in construction materials . Institution of Civil Engineers Energy 161 May 2008 Issue EN2 p87–98 (2008).

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