PRAGMATICS-DEIXIS_PUTU & HANAN.pdfthe branch of linguistics dealing with language in use and the contexts in which it is used, including such matters as deixis,

Pragmatics

1. DEIXIS AND
DISTANCE
by:
I Putu Wirya Suta (2323042001)
Purnama Hanan Murod (2323042011)

2. OBJECTIVES
Understand the theories of the nature,
functions, and effects of deixis.

3. BEFORE WE BEGIN,
THINK ABOUT THIS:
Why are there words to identify the “I”?

4. DEIXIS
Person Deixis (People)
I
You
Spatial Deixis (Location)
Here
There
POINTING
(LANGUAGE)
DEICTIC
EXPRESSION
Temporal Deixis (Time)
Now
Then
SHARING THE SAME CONTEXT
Proximal and Distal deixis
Deictic Projection
Social Deixis
Discourse Deixis

5. PROXIMAL AND DISTAL
DEIXIS
Proximal expressions
of Spatial deixis are
used to mark objects
that are near or close to
the speaker’s current
position or place. it is
also known to be
psychological distance.
Example: Here
Means the object is away from the Speaker
DISTAL DEIXISPROXIMAL DEIXIS
Means the object is close from the Speaker
Distal expressions of
Spatial deixis are used
to point objects that are
away from the speaker’s
current position or place
Example: There
Proximal expressions
of Temporal deixis
are used to mark
something that is near or
close to the speaker’s
current time.
Example: Now
Distal expressions of
Temporal deixis are
not only used to mark
distance from the
speaker’s current time,
but also distance from
the speaker’s current
reality or facts.
Example: Then

6. Expression Sentence Context
Proximal - Spatial
"I don’t like this” When the speaker is holding an object,such as “red pen”.
“I don’t like that”
When the speaker is sniffing a perfume. The word “that” in this utterance
does not have a fixed semantic meaning, but it contextually means
something as the speaker’s intention.
Proximal - Temporal
“I live in Bandar Lampung
now”
The word “now” means close to the current time only when the speaker
saying it.
Distal - Spatial “She is sitting there”
The word “there” would have a meaning only if the speaker pointing a
place.
Distal - Temporal
"I could swim when I was
achild”
Something happened in the past (past tense). This type is typically treated
as distal form to express distance from the speaker’s current time.
“I would have been in Korea if
I had had much money”
The Conditional sentence is used to mark distance from the speaker’s
current reality.
PROXIMAL AND DISTAL DEIXIS
LET’S BREAK IT DOWN

7. DEICTIC
PROJECTION
To Project or to Show the meaning of
different words and to manipulate the
location, emphasizing the speaker’s
perspective mentally, as well as
physically. (Yule, 1996)
Deictic Projection expressions of
Spatial deixis do not refer to the actual
location of where the speaker is.
Example: Here
Deictic Projection expressions of Temporal
deixis is in which time uttered by the speaker is
not only meant physically but sometimes also
referred mentally.
Example: Now

8. DEICTIC PROJECTION
Expression Sentence Context
Spatial
I was looking at this little
puppy in a cage with such a
sad look on its face. It was
like, “Oh, I’m so unhappy
here, will you set me free?”
The word “here” (in the cage) in the
sentence does not refer to the actual
location of where the speaker is, but it
refers to the location of the speaker
performing the role of the puppy.
Temporal “I am not here now”
The utterance is recorded to a telephone
message indicating that the speaker is not at
the location at that time. Thus, the word
“now” represents that the speaker is not at
the place when someone is calling him/her,
not when the message is recorded.
LET’S BREAK IT DOWN

9. Social deixis is concerned with the participants in the communication process, thus, it will
be sticking around person deixis.
The choice of which is used by the speakers will clearly describe their relationships with
the addressees.
In several languages, these categories are sometimes elaborated with markers or social
status.
(Yule, 1996)
SOCIAL DEIXIS
EXAMPLE AND BREAK IT DOWN
Word Social Deixis Context
I Kulo (Javanese) Used by Javanese to represent respect.
You متنا )Arabic(
Means You (plural), but often used to represent You
(Singular) in formal circumstances.
She/He/It こちら (Japanese)
it means “This way”, but, in formal circumstances, this
word is used to introduce someone.

10. DISCOURSE
DEIXIS Discourse Deixis involves using expressions that indicate a connection between
an utterance and the surrounding discourse.
Helps in navigating and structuring conversations and texts by linking different
parts together
Before or After
Textual or Oral
Levinson (1983)
EXAMPLE AND BREAK IT DOWN
Discourse Deixis Sentence Context
Before
(Temporal Deixis)
I would like to follow up
what we discussed before.
The word “Before” refers to the result
of the discussion previously.
That (Spatial
Deixis)
That was insightful
conversation
The word “That” refers to previous
conversation.

11. Understanding deixis is essential because it
helps learners avoid misunderstandings that
arise from decontextualized
communication.
Levinson (1983)
WHY THEY ARE RELEVANTHOW THEY ARE RELEVANT
Deixis and distance are crucial to language
teaching because they help students
understand how meaning is constructed in
real-life communication.
Yule (1996)
RELEVANCE

12. EXAMPLES IN LANGUAGE TEACHING
Understanding deixis can help
students understand the
situational use of these
expressions. For example,
practicing dialogues that
include "here" and "there" in
different spatial contexts
enhances students' ability to use
spatial deixis accurately.
ANALYZING TEXTS CONTEXTUAL ROLE-PLAYING
Teachers can use texts where
deixis plays a significant role,
such as dialogues in novels or
scripts, to show how context
shapes meaning.

13. RESEARCH ON DEIXIS AND DISTANCE
Title An Analysis of Deixis in 'Beauty and The Beast' Movie Script
Authors Oktazsya Marjelina Lorenza, Safnil Arsyad, and Kasmaini
Year 2024
Objective
The research aims to analyze the types and distribution of deixis in the "Beauty
and The Beast" movie script, utilizing Cruse's theory of deixis.
Method
Research Design : Descriptive Qualitative
Object : The object of the study is the movie script of "Beauty and The Beast"
Data: consists of dialogues among the characters that contain deixis, utilizing
documentation and checklist methods for data collection.
Data Analysis : Cruse's theory of deixis (2000)
Data Processing : Miles and Huberman's framework (1994)

14. FINDINGS
Prevalence of Person
Deixis
The analysis indicates that person deixis is the most frequently used type of deixis in the script,
highlights the importance of character relationships and interactions in the narrative.
Social and Spatial
Deixis
Following person deixis, social deixis and spatial deixis are also prominent in the script, the
presence of these types of deixis enriches the narrative by providing context about the
characters' social dynamics and the settings in which they operate.
Distribution of Scenes
The script is categorized into five sections: orientation, complication, rising action, turning
point, and resolution. These sections are essential for character development, as it showcases
how characters respond to challenges and evolve throughout the narrative.
Absence of Coda
Its absence may suggest that the narrative focuses more on the immediate conflicts and
resolutions rather than on a broader reflection or moral lesson. This could indicate a narrative
style that prioritizes action and character dynamics over thematic conclusions.
Implications for
Conflict Development
The findings suggest that effective use of deixis in conflict development section enhances the
audience's understanding of the stakes involved and the emotional investment in the
characters' journeys.

15. RESEARCH ON DEIXIS AND DISTANCE
Discussion
The types of deixis discussed include person, social, and spatial deixis,
emphasizing their role in conveying character relationships and situational
contexts. Furthermore, the section underscores deixis' vital role in enhancing
communication within the script, improving understanding of character
interactions.
The implications for language learning are also explored, suggesting that
teaching deixis could enhance pragmatic competence among students, aiding
them in real-life conversations.
Suggestions
for Further
Research
The authors recommend exploring deixis in other forms of media, such as novels
and songs, to determine if similar patterns emerge, and suggest analyzing high-
frequency and low-frequency words in movie scripts.
Conclusion
The study concludes that deixis plays a crucial role in the storytelling of "Beauty
and The Beast," enhancing the understanding of character dynamics and narrative
progression.

16. Understanding Pragmatics
Contextual Learning
Enhanced Listening and Speaking Skills
Cultural Insights
Resource for Teaching Materials
Critical Thinking and Analysis
Preparation for Real-World Communication
THE STUDY’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING

17. CONCLUSION
In the realm of pragmatics, deixis and distance are fundamental
concepts that underscore the importance of context in communication.
Deixis, which includes spatial, temporal, and personal dimensions,
highlights how meaning is intricately tied to the specific circumstances
of an utterance.
For language learners, mastering deixis is crucial to achieving
pragmatic competence. It allows them to navigate conversations with
greater ease and clarity, avoiding misunderstandings that can arise
from decontextualized or inappropriate language use.

18. SUGGESTION
One effective strategy is
incorporating role-playing exercises
that require students to use deictic
expressions in various situational
contexts, such as formal versus
informal scenarios, or different
spatial and temporal settings.
Utilizing texts, dialogues, and real-life
conversations as tools for analysis can
enable students to see how deictic
expressions function within specific
contexts. By identifying and discussing
these uses, students can explore how
meaning shifts based on different
perspectives and situations.
By implementing these strategies, educators can significantly improve
students' understanding of deixis and distance, fostering a deeper
appreciation for the complexities of language use in various contexts.

19. THANK YOU!
References:
Levinson, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge University Press.
Lorenza, O. M., Arsyad, S., and Kasmaini. (2024). An Analysis of Deixis in 'Beauty and The Beast' Movie Script. Journal of English Education and Teaching (JEET), 8(1), 241-253.
Lyons, J. (1977). Semantics: Volume 2. Cambridge University Press.
Yule, G. (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford University Press.

20. ANY
QUESTIONS?
Don't hesitate to reach out for
questions or clarifications