Pre, while and post listening skills and activities

Pre, while and post-listening skills (Wilson (2008)

1. Pre, while and post- listening skills and activities

2. Different sources of listening a) Teacher talk ∙ T in complete control. ∙ Interactive ∙ Planned input ∙ Spontaneous input: words of encouragement, witty comments, gossip, on-the-spot classroom management. b) Student talk “To experiment with new language ” c) Guest speaker “ Foreign culture” d) textbook recordings + Variety + Listening sequences + Transcrits - No deal with controversial or topical issues

3. Different sources of listening + Authentic + Topical + Real- world information + Visual aspect + People in their natural habitat - Creativity from T Radio + pronunciation : stress pattern + contain stories + accents , voices , cultures and ideas in the classroom + Podcast

4. Pre- listening 1. Activate schemata : What do I know ? 2. Reason : Why listen? 3. Prediction : What can I expect to hear ? While-listening Monitor (1): Are my expectations met ? Monitor (2): Am I succeeding in the task ? Post- listening Feedback . Did I fulfill the task ? Response: How can I respond ? The listening sequence

5. Pre- listening skills and activities 1. Activate schemata Routine situations, represented in people’s minds, are sometimes called “scripts”

6. Pre- listening skills and activities 2. Give students a purpose for listening Setting questions beforehand is the most common way of establishing a reason for the students to listen. E.g. from title to question, KWL charts, … 3. Pre teaching vocabulary Gives students confidence as well as potentially useful information about the topic. # of words to pre-teach ?

7. Pre- listening skills and activities The idea of pre-listening is to introduce the topic rather than to give all the answers. Don’t ‘do a listening before the listening’. During the pre-listening phase, let the students do as much speaking as possible . Keep in mind Christine Nuttall’s axiom, ‘Never say anything yourself if a student could say it for you.’ Don’t just talk about the general topic; if the idea is to introduce the listening passage, the conversation should stick, more or less, to the content of the passage. The pre-listening activity must be entirely relevant to what the students will hear .

8. While listening skills and activities Why use while-listening activities ? well-designed activities can help students to understand the listening passage . we want our students to show evidence of understanding or non-understanding.

9. While listening skills and activities Situations must demand an inference .

10. While listening skills and activities

11. Post- skills and activities E.g . Genre transfer E.g . Moral or headline

12. Post- skills and activities E.g . Jigsaw pose a problem and use a listening passage to help solve it. Listing Sorting Ranking Ordering according to criteria Designing something Solving moral dilemas Solving mysteries

13. Post- skills and activities ( Other ideas) If we want to examine listening texts for their salient features - grammar, vocabulary, cohesive devices, discourse markers, pronunciation, etc - to a certain extent we need to pull them apart. The teacher’s role is to provide fragments of the text or a damaged or abbreviated form of it. By putting it back together, students have to deal with many aspects of language: grammar, vocabulary and discourse features of spoken English, for example. E.g . Gap- fill , disappearing dialogues.

14. In summary Prepares the students, primarily by getting them interested in the topic, activating schemata and working with top-down ideas. At this stage we also give the students a listening task. The students are now ‘on-task ’, engaged in real-time processing of the input. Besides checking the answers , we go into detail, looking at both top-down features such as the exact setting of the passage or information about the speakers, and bottom-up features such as individual words or phrases.

15. Reference Wilson, J. (2008). How to teach listening . England , Pearson. Chapters . 3-6.