precardium.pptx

Pericardium

1. Pericardium Definition : afibro serous sac surrounding the heart&roots of it's great vessels. Site: middle mediastinum Extends from (2 nd to 6 th ) costal cartilages& from ( 5 th to 8 th ) thoracic vertebrae. Structures: formed of 2 sacs: A- Fibrous pericardium B- Serous pericardium

2. Fibrous pericardium Conical fibrous sac formed of fibrous tissue: It has: Base, Apex, ant, post& 2 lat surface. Base: bellow , attached to central tendon of diaphragm. Apex: above, up to sternal angle where it belend with the adventitia of great vessels & Pre tracheal fascia.

3. Serous pericardium Closed serous sac which is invaginated from above and behind by the heart & great vessels. Structures: formed of 2 layers - 1- parietal layer: - lines fibrous pericardium & continous with visceral layer at root of great vessels . 2- Visceral layer( epicardium ): covers the heart.

4. Blood Supply Fibrous and parietal serous: Arterial blood supply from: - Internal mammary, musculophernic arteries& Descending thoracic aorta. Venous drainage : to internal mammary and azygose veins. - Visceral serous: as the heart.

5. Nerve Supply Fibrous and parietal serous: Phernic nerve (Sensitive to pain). Visceral layer: as heart (Autonomic→ insensetive to pain ) but Sensitive to ischaemia .

6. sinuses of pericardium Sinuses of pericardium They are recesses inside the pericardal cavity lined by serous pericardium, they includes : 1- Transvers sinus 2- oblique sinuses.

7. Oblique sinus Ablined recess of the pericardal cavity that lies behind the base of the heart opened bellow to general pericardal cavity Boundaries: - Anteriorly : back of Lt atrium. - Post: fibrous pericardium - On left side: reflection of the serous pericardium on 2 left pulmonary veins. - On right Side : reflection of the serous pericardium on 2 right Pulmonary veins & 2 vena cava

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