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Predatory publishing
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For Wikipedia's rules about predatory publishing, see Wikipedia:Reliable sources § Predatory journals.
Predatory publishing, also write-only publishing[1][2] or deceptive publishing,[3] is an exploitative academic publishing business model, where the journal or publisher prioritizes self-interest at the expense of scholarship. It is characterized by misleading information, deviates from the standard peer review process, is highly non-transparent, and often utilizes aggressive solicitation practices.[4]


"Think. Check. Submit." poster by an international initiative to help researchers avoid predatory publishing
The phenomenon of "open access predatory publishers" was first noticed by Jeffrey Beall around 2012, when he described "publishers that are ready to publish any article for payment".[5] However, criticisms about the label "predatory" have been raised.[6] A lengthy review of the controversy started by Beall appears in The Journal of Academic Librarianship.[7]

Predatory publishers are so regarded because scholars are tricked into publishing with them, although some authors may be aware that the journal is poor quality or even fraudulent but publish in them anyway.[a] New scholars from developing countries are said to be especially at risk of being misled by predatory publishers.[9][10][11] A 2022 report found, that "nearly a quarter of the respondents from 112 countries, and across all disciplines and career stages, indicated that they had either published in a predatory journal, participated in a predatory conference, or did not know if they had. The majority of those who did so unknowingly cited a lack of awareness of predatory practices; whereas the majority of those who did so knowingly cited the need to advance their careers."[12]

According to one study, 60% of articles published in predatory journals receive no citations over the five-year period following publication.[13][14]

Actors seeking to maintain the scholarly ecosystem have sought to minimize the influence of predatory publishing through the use of blacklists such as Beall's List and Cabell's blacklist, as well as through whitelists such as the Directory of Open Access Journals. Nevertheless, identifying (and even providing a quantitative defition) of predatory journals remains difficult, because it is a spectrum rather than binary phenomenon.[15] In the same issue of a journal it is possible to find articles, which meet the highest criteria for scientific integrity, and articles, which have one or more unethical issues.

History
Characteristics
Causes and impact
Response
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Last edited 4 days ago by Achmad Rachmani
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1. PRESENTATION ON PREDATORY JOURNAL AND PUBLISHERS PRESENTED BY JISU DAS PhD Research Scholar, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assam University, Silchar (AUS)

2. introduction Predatory publishing or  deceptive publishing is an exploitative academic publishing business model that involves charging publication fees to authors without checking articles for quality and legitimacy, and without providing editorial and publishing services that legitimate academic journals provide .

3. Definitions of Predatory Journals Jeffrey Beall : Early definitions by Beall describe predatory publishers as outlets “which publish counterfeit journals to exploit the open-access model in which the author pays” and publishers that were “dishonest and lack transparency” . Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE): “ Predatory publishing is generally defined as for profit open-access journal publication of scholarly articles without the benefit of peer review by experts in the field or the usual editorial oversight of the journals in question .”

4. Characteristics of Predatory Journals Predatory journals, which override standard publishing practices, can be identified with the following characteristic . Basic Information about the Journal Titles and websites of the standard journals are hijacked. Use of misleading words such as ‘International’, ‘Global’, ‘World journal’ ‘Asian’, ‘American’, in the titles , while the journals lack the international scope and editorial board.

5. No contact details of publisher and editor are provided. False locations of the offices of the publisher and editor/s are given. Lack of information on the editorial board members. Lack of information about the frequency of periodicals/Journals/Serials . Fraudulent or improper use of ISSNs and logos of standard publishers. Many editors are unaware of the inclusion of their names on editorial boards .

6. Contents of the Journals Articles in such journals are characterized by: Low quality Several typographical mistakes Plagiarized work Out of sync with the aims and scope of the journal Multidisciplinary — not committed to any single discipline.

7. Lack of Standard Publishing Practices The peer review process is absent. Spam emails inviting articles are sent to authors. Attracting academicians to serve as editorial board members/peer reviewers only for convenience or value addition. Articles are accepted only after the payment of submission charges. High acceptance rate. Lack of publication ethics, peer review . . Article submission guidelines are not given. Very quick turnaround time for acceptance and publication of articles. False, non-existent, misrepresented Impact Factor (IF)is generated. Unscientific methodology for calculating the IF. The IF is purchased by publishers from fraudulent companies like Universal Impact Factor (UIF ), Global Impact Factor (GIF), etc. (More than 20 such companies exist to date). Journals are included in sub-standard indexing databases on a payment basis (for example, Index Copernicus). False claims of indexation of journals in world-recognized databases .

8. Consequences of Predatory Journals As discussed earlier, anyone can publish on any topic in predatory journals. There are no efforts to check the quality of research by predatory publishers as they are interested in APCs alone. Research in the biomedical field often leads to improved therapies, new medicines, new surgeries and improved patient safety. Therefore , if the research results are published without scrutiny, doctors and individuals may use false information. Journalists or media people may mislead people if they publish information, without ascertaining journal credentials (predatory or legitimate). Therefore, information published in predatory journals, without any “peer review”, threatens the society .

9. Other Implications of Predatory Journals Corruption in Science and Other Disciplines Influence on Key Sectors such as Human Health Damage to the Career of Researchers Damage to the Institution’s Reputation Loss of Money Waste of time

10. Checklist to Identify Predatory Journals ISSN: Although the ISSN is not an indicator of any quality, it should be verified by researchers from the ISSN-providing agencies or from some secondary source. Publisher address / Editor address: Addresses can be verified from secondary sources Such as Google Map, or similar online searches. Impact Factor: Verify IF with Journal Citation Report by Clarivate Analytics . Credibility of editor/s: Credibility can be checked with publications of editors-in-chief and editorial board members in respectable journals. Publication in a short duration of time: Always check dates of submission and acceptance of papers . Journal back volumes: Availability of the archives can be checked. Annual listing of reviewers: Does the journal publish a list of reviewers in the Annual Issue/ number.

11. Reasons for Publications in Predatory Journals Apart from mandatory publications for career advancement becoming a major cause of the growth of Predatory journals, there are a number of other reasons as well . Fear of job loss and the “publish-or-perish” pressure. Failure to publish in journals indexed in world recognized databases. Rejection by standard/respectable journals due to inadequate research skills . Competition among colleagues; desire to score higher and gain respect. Lack of awareness among researchers and new faculty members.

12. Conclusion Predatory journals exist solely for profit without any commitment to publication ethics or quality of research. They not only damage the reputation of individual researchers or institutions, but more dangerously , they contaminate scientific and other disciplines. Thus, the authenticity and credibility of research is at stake. The number of predatory publications with changing modalities is on the rise, which makes it very difficult to recognize them. Therefore , it is important that every individual researcher takes serious cognizance of all the pitfalls of publishing in predatory journals and remains worthy of the ethical ethos that is the foundation of true scientific and academic endeavour .

13. references Asim , Z. and S. Sorooshian . 2019. Clone Journals: A threat to medical research. Sao Paulo MedicalJournal 137 (6): 550–551. Beall , J. 2016. Best Practices for Scholarly Authors in the Age of Predatory Journals. The Annals of TheRoyal College of Surgeons of England 98(2): 77–79. Bjork , B.-C. and D. Solomon. 2015. Article Processing Charges in OA Journals: Relationship betweenprice and quality. Scientometrics 103(2): 373–385. Bohannon, J. 2013. Who’s Afraid of Peer Review? American Association for the Advancement of Science .

14. THANK YOU