PREFIXES.pptx

PREFIXES

1. PREFIXES Dr. Namrata Bavalekar M.P.Th

2. Content Prefix Linking Prefix Types

3. Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to: Explain the use of prefixes in medical terminology. Explain how a prefix changes the meaning of a medical word. Identify prefixes of position, number and measurement, and direction.

4. Prefix Linking A prefix is a word element located at the beginning of a word. Substituting one prefix for another alters the meaning of the word. E.g , in the term macrocyte , macro- is a prefix (large); - cyte is a suffix (cell). A macrocyte is a large cell. By changing the prefix macro- to micro- (small), the meaning of word changes. A microcyte is a small cell.

5. Prefix +Word root +Suffix =Medical Word meaning Pre (before) =prenatal Pertaining to before birth Peri (around) + nat (birth) +al (pertaining to ) = perinatal Pertaining to around birth Post (after) =postnatal Pertaining to after birth

6. Prefix Types Learning the major types of prefixes, such as prefixes of position, number and measurement, and direction, as well as some others, will help you master medical terminology.

7. Prefixes of Position, Number, Measurement, and Direction Prefixes are used in medical terms to denote position, number and measurement, and direction. Prefixes of position describe a place or location. Prefixes of number and measurement describe an amount, size, or degree of involvement. Prefixes of direction indicate a pathway or route

8. Prefixes of Position Prefix Meaning Word Analysis Epi - Above, upon epi / gastr / ic : pertaining to above the stomach Hypo- Under, below, deficient hypo/ derm / ic : pertaining to under the skin Hypodermic injections are given under the skin. Infra- Under, below infra/cost/al : below the ribs

9. Prefix Meaning Word Analysis Sub- sub/ nas /al : under the nose Inter- Between inter/cost/al : between the ribs Post- After, behind post/ nat /al : pertaining to (the period) after birth

10. Prefix Meaning Word Analysis Pre- before, in front of pre/ nat /al : pertaining to before birth Pro- pro/gnosis: knowing before Prognosis is the prediction of the course and end of a disease and the estimated chance of recovery. Retro- backward, behind retro/version: turning backwards Retroversion refers to tipping backward of an organ from its normal position

11. Prefixes of Number & Measurement Prefix Meaning Word Analysis Bi- Two bi/later/al: pertaining to two sides Dipl - Double dipl / opia : double vision Diplo - diplo / bacteri /al : bacteria linked together in pairs Hemi- One half hemi/ plegia : paralysis of one half of the body

12. Prefix Meaning Word Analysis Hyper- excessive, above normal hyper/calc/ emia : excessive calcium in the blood Macro- Large macro/ cyte : large cell Micro- Small micro/scope : instrument for examining small (objects)

13. Prefix Meaning Word Analysis Mono- One mono/therapy: one treatment Uni - uni / nucle / ar : pertaining to one nucleus Multi- Many,much multi/ gravida : woman who has been pregnant more than once Poly- poly/phobia: fear of many things

14. Prefix Meaning Word Analysis Primi - first primi / gravida : woman during her first pregnancy Quadri - Four quadri / plegia : paralysis of four limbs Tri- Three tri/ ceps : three heads

15. Prefixes of Direction Prefix Meaning Word Analysis Ab - From, away from ab / duction : movement of a limb away from (an axis of) the body Ad- Toward ad/ duction : movement of a limb toward (an axis of) the body Circum- Around circum/ ren /al: pertaining to around the kidney

16. Prefix Meaning Word Analysis Peri - peri / odont /al : pertaining to around a tooth Dia - through, across dia / rrhea : flow through Trans- trans/ vagin /al: pertaining to across or through the Vagina

17. Prefix Meaning Word Analysis Ecto - Outside, outward ecto /gen/ ous : forming outside the body or structure Exo - exo / tropia : turning outward (of one or both eyes) Extra- extra/ crani /al: outside the skull

18. Prefix Meaning Word Analysis Endo- In, within endo / crine : secrete within Intra- intra/ muscul / ar : within the muscle Para- Near, beside, beyond para/nas/al: beside the nose

19. Prefix Meaning Word Analysis Super- Upper, above super/ ior : pertaining to the upper part of a structure Supra- Above, excessive, superior supra/ ren /al: pertaining to above the kidney Ultra- Excess, beyond ultra/son/ ic : pertaining to sound beyond (that which can be heard by the human ear)

20. Other Common Prefixes Many other common prefixes may also be used to change the meaning of a word. We will see next slide for a list of some other common prefixes.

21. Prefix Meaning Word Analysis A- Without, not a/mast/ ia : without a breast An- an/ esthesia : without feeling Anti- Against anti/ bacteri /al: against bacteria Contra- contra/ ception : against conception or impregnation

22. prefix Meaning Word Analysis Brady- Slow brady / cardia : slow heart rate Dys - Bad, painful, difficult dys / tocia : difficult childbirth Eu - Good, normal eu/pnea: normal breathing Hetero- Different hetero/graft: different transplant

23. Prefix Meaning Word Analysis Homo- Same homo/graft: same transplant Homeo - homeo / plasia : formation of new tissue similar to that already existing in a part Mal- Bad mal/nutrition: bad nutrition

24. Prefix Meaning Word Analysis Pan- All pan/ arthr / itis : inflammation of all (or many) joints Pseudo- False pseudo/ cyesis : false pregnancy Syn - Union, togethor , joined syn /dactyl/ism: condition of joined fingers or toes Tachy - Rapid tachy / pnea : rapid breathing

25. Summary