Pregnancy-Tests--Methods--Interpretation--and-Clinical-Applications.pptx

Pregnancy test hcg test

1. Pregnancy Tests: Methods, Interpretation, and Clinical Applications

2. Pregnancy Tests: Methods, Interpretation, and Clinical Applications Types of pregnancy tests Detection principles Clinical significance Modern developments

3. Types of Pregnancy Tests Home Tests Urine-based Qualitative results Over-the-counter availability Visual interpretation Laboratory Tests Blood-based (Quantitative) Urine-based (Qualitative) Automated systems Professional interpretation

4. Basic Principles Detection Method Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Sandwich immunoassay Monoclonal antibodies Chromogenic reaction hCG Characteristics Produced by placenta Detectable by day 8-10 Peaks at 8-10 weeks Declines after 12 weeks

5. Urine Pregnancy Tests Methodology Lateral flow immunochromatography Control and test lines Capillary action Color development Sample Requirements First morning urine preferred Clean collection container Room temperature Fresh sample

6. Blood Pregnancy Tests Quantitative Tests Serum β-hCG measurement Automated analyzers Numerical results Serial monitoring Qualitative Tests Presence/absence only Rapid turnaround Emergency setting use Screening purpose

7. Result Interpretation: Urine Tests Positive Result Two visible lines Test and control present Any intensity positive Confirmation needed Negative Result Control line only No test line Valid control Timing considerations

8. Result Interpretation: Blood Tests Quantitative Values Non-pregnant: <5 mIU/mL Early pregnancy: >25 mIU/mL Doubling time: 48-72 hours Serial monitoring important Clinical Correlation Gestational age Viability assessment Abnormal pregnancy Treatment monitoring

9. Advantages: Urine Tests Benefits Non-invasive Rapid results Home testing possible Cost-effective Privacy Easy to perform Widely available No technical expertise needed

10. Advantages: Blood Tests Benefits Earlier detection Quantitative results Professional interpretation Monitoring capability Higher sensitivity Precise measurements Treatment guidance Research applications

11. Disadvantages: Urine Tests Limitations Lower sensitivity False negatives possible Timing critical User error Storage conditions Interpretation errors Quality variations No quantitative value

12. Disadvantages: Blood Tests Limitations Invasive procedure Higher cost Laboratory required Longer turnaround Technical expertise needed Equipment dependent Storage requirements Transportation issues

13. Sources of Error Pre-analytical Wrong timing Improper collection Storage conditions Transport issues Analytical Expired tests Technical errors Equipment malfunction Quality control failures

14. Quality Control Measures Internal Controls Control line presence Known positive samples Known negative samples Procedural controls Quality Assurance Storage monitoring Expiration dates Staff training Documentation

15. Special Situations Early Pregnancy Optimal testing time False negative risk Repeat testing needs Clinical correlation Problem Pregnancies Ectopic pregnancy Threatened abortion Molar pregnancy Multiple pregnancy

16. Modern Developments Digital Tests Electronic readers Numerical display Gestational estimation Data storage Advanced Features Bluetooth connectivity Smartphone integration Result tracking Remote consultation

17. Clinical Applications Primary Uses Pregnancy confirmation Dating assistance Viability monitoring Complication detection Secondary Uses Research studies Fertility monitoring Treatment evaluation Screening programs

18. Documentation Requirements Essential Records Patient information Test type used Collection time Result interpretation Clinical Records Previous results Medical history Risk factors Follow-up plan

19. Best Practices Collection First morning urine Clean technique Proper timing Fresh sample Storage Room temperature Protected from light Humidity control Expiration monitoring

20. Patient Education Key Points Proper test timing Collection technique Result interpretation Follow-up needs Instructions When to test How to collect Reading results When to seek care

21. Future Directions Emerging Technologies Enhanced sensitivity Earlier detection Digital integration Remote monitoring Research Areas New biomarkers Improved accuracy Cost reduction Point-of-care advancement Key Points Method selection important Quality control essential Clinical correlation needed Regular monitoring required Recommendations Follow instructions carefully Maintain quality control Document results Seek professional confirmation