Preparation and formulation of sunscreen

Industrial pharmacy assignment

1. MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY ROHTAK DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY-I PRESENTATION ON “FORMULATION AND PREPARATION OF SUNSCREEN” BY- PRIDHI (1408) B.PHARMA 5 th SEMESTER

2. SUNSCREENS S unscreen are the cosmetic preparations used to protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation of sun. The light emitted by sun consists of frequency bands of infrared , visible and ultraviolet radiation, of these UV rays are harmful to most humans. ( UV SPECTRUM 100-400 nm) UVA (315-400nm) radiation penetrates the skin and cause damage to cell membrane , causes ageing of skin . UVB (280-315nm) rays cause skin cancer and can cause damage to cornea and lens of eye . UVC (100-280nm) generally absorbed by earth’s atmosphere and are not harmful.

3. Sunscreen preparations are rated(evaluated) with a sun protection factor (SPF) , which indicates how much protection against UV rays product provides. Calculated by: Period of protection(with sunscreen) Period of natural protection(without sunscreen )

4. AN IDEAL SUNSCREEN CHARACTERISTICS: It should have broad spectrum activity. It should not cause any irritation . Should be economical . Should be hypoallergenic . Should be non-comedogenic .

5. CLASSIFICATION: PHYSICAL SU NSCREENS CHEMICAL SUNSCREENS Mineral Actives Zinc oxide and/or titanium dioxide Chemical Actives Organic, carbon-based compounds Block Sunlight Create a barrier that blocks and reflects UV rays before they reach the skin's surface Absorb Sunlight Absorb UV rays and convert them to heat, which is then released by the skin Penetrate Skin on application. Penetrate Skin on application.

6. SUNSCREEN AGENTS: BENZYL SALICYLATE AND SALICYLATE DERIVATIVES These are first sunscreen agents which provides UVB protection, but not UVA. Salicylate derivatives used as sunscreen agents are paraphenyl salicylate, benzyl salicylate,etc. BENZYL CINNAMATE AND CINNAMATE DERIVATIVES : Are effective UVB blocker and used in combination with other ingredients. PABA(p-aminobenzoic acid): This compound is effective in UVB range . Many individuals experienced allergic reactions to it so now most of the sunscreen lotions are PABA free.

7. BUTYLMETHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE AND RELATED COMPOUND: They are also known as Parsol A which is an effective UVA blocker. ZINC OXIDE AND TITANIUM DIOXIDE : These two inorganic compounds are used to block UV radiation as their preparations are opaque to light . Sunscreen lotions containing these are normally white. ANTHRANILATES : These compounds absorbs UVA spectrum rays and usually combined with UVB agent to broaden spectrum.

8. FORMULATION: Suitable sunscreen agents are used. Suitable base can be used to make a final product of an aqueous or alcoholic lotion, a fatty cream , oil or emulsion. The selection of vehicle contribute to its effectiveness e.g . deionized water . Emusifiers are used to keep formulation stable (in assisting formation of homogeneous mixtures of both water and oil).e.g Cetosteryl alcohol. Glycerin can be used as moisturiser in some sunscreens.

9. Thickening agent to enhance consistency eg crosspolymer. Certain natural oils such as coconut oil, peanut oil, olive oil have a fairly high absorption ability of UV light. An Anti-oxidant is to be incorporated, if a natural oil is used, to prevent rancidity. Preservatives like Na Methyl paraben , Na propyl paraben are used. Perfume (added at last).

10. Cream type: It is an emulsion type , prepared by taking oily phase & aqueous phase separately and heated to liquify and then mixed with stirring. Lotion type : It can be solution or emulsion type , where solution is prepared by simply mixing ingredients and emulsion type by separately heating aq ueous and oily phase at same temperature and slowly mixed with stirring . METHOD OF PREPARATION :

11. Solution type: It can be prepared simply by mixing and dissolving sunscreen agents and other ingredients in suitable vehicle. Gel type: It is highly viscous aqueous preparation, in which thickening agent is seperately dispersed in water and then mixed with other ingredients.

12. STORAGE : Should be stored in a cool and dark place. Exposing the container to excessive heat or direct sun can cause its ingredients to become less effective. Avoid humid areas for storage as moisture causes sunscreen to become unstable and could even create a breeding ground for mold .

13. REFERENCES : TEXTBOOK OF INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY –I DR. SHALINI SHARMA PEE VEE PUBLICATIONS PAGE NO 194-196 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337656050_Sunscreen_Cream_Formulation_with_Natural_Ingredients_including_Arabic_gum_and_Beeswax_Foundation https://youtu.be/gKKQmZA9X1M https :// www.cosmeticsdesign - europe.com /Article/2019/08/19/Sunscreen-regulations-in-the-world-from-European-Union-USA-Canada-to-China https:// www.healthline.com /health/does-sunscreen-expire https://www.cheatsheet.com/gear-style/best-way-to-store-sunscreen.html/

14. THANK YOU