Preparation of bill sandeep

final year mini projet niet greater noida

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A
Mini Project Report
On
PREPARATION OF BILL OF QUANTITY & TENDER DOCUMENT
In partial fulfillments for the degree of
Bachelor of Technology
In
Civil Engineering

SUBMITTED By

SANDEEP KUMAR
ROLL NO:- 1613300121
Under the Guidance of
Mrs. SONALI AGARWAL


DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
NOIDA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh APJ Abdul kalam Technical University
2019

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CERTIFICATE
Certified that minor project work entitled “ Preparation of bill of quantity and tender
document ” is a bonafide work carried out in the 7
th
semester by SANDEEP KUMAR in
partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of technology in Civil Engineering from “ NOIDA
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLO GY ” Greater Noida , during the
academic year 2019-2020.










Project Guide : Project Coordinator :
Mrs. SONALI AGARWAL Mr. Rajesh Meena

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I feel very proud to say that due to keen knowledge of the faculty of the Civil Department of
the Noida Institute Of Engineering and technology .It was very easy for me to learn a lot of
knowledge regarding the “Preparation of bill of quantity and tender document”.
I am greatly thankful to our guide Mrs. SONALI AGARWAL for her kind support and
guidance to successfully complete my Project . I have highly benefited by this Project and have
gained a lot of knowledge about the various problems of, estimation of bill and the quantity of
the materials used in a construction site.
Finally I would like to thanks all the faculty members and senior teachers who have helped me
and co-operated with me during my project work.





Name : SANDEEP KUMAR
Roll.No: 1613300118

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TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Introduction ……………………….…………………………… … 1
1.1 Preparation of bill …………………………………………… .....1
1.2 The importance of BOQ …………………………………… .…..2
1.3 The major parts of BOQ ……………………………………… ..3
1.4 Standards of bill ……………………………………………… ...3
1.5 Preparing bill of quantity …………………………………… .....3
1.6 Benefits of bill of quantity …………………………………….. 3
2. Standard schedule rates ……………………………………….... ..4
2.1 S.O.R of labours …………………………………………….... ..5
2.2 Rates per unit per day ………………………………………… ..5
3. How to prepare a bill of quantity ……………………………… .. 6
3.1 Hiring a quantity surveyor …………………………………… .. 7
3.2 Evaluating quotes from contractor ……………………………..8
4. Problem on bill ………………………………………………… .... 9
5. Tender …………… …………………………………………… …... 10
5.1 Tender document …………………… ………………………... 10
5.2 Tender notice ………………………………………………..... 10
6. Conclusion …………………………………………………… …....12
7. Reference ……………………………………………… ………….. 13

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIG NO ENTITIES PAGE NO
1.1 BOQ document 2
2.1 Diff types of worker 4
2.2 Diff labour rates 5
3.1 Cost estimation 6
3.2 Quality surveyor 7
5.1 Tender Notice 11

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ABSTRACT

Preparation of bill of quantity is very important for any construction site and any project its
help us to estimate the quantity of the materials used in the whole project the materials are
like:-
• CEMENT
• SAND
• COARSE AGGREGATE
• BRICKS
• ADDMIXTURES etc.
It also estimates the cost of these materials and also the types of workers required for that work
and also the numbers of the workers.
The cost of the materials and the workers varies with the state wise but a normal and estimated
rate was decided by the C.P.W.D only in INDIA which was considered during the calculation
of any project cost .
The formal form of Bills of Quantities was introduced in the United Kingdom after the
Industrial Revolution in the 19th Century. They were mainly used by master tradesmen for
paying their workmen and claiming payments from building owners by submitting it as partisan
Final Account. BQ are widely used in most of the Commonwealth countries used it for cost
estimating and more importantly, as part of tender document for use in soliciting competitive
tenders from contractors.
KEY WORDS : ( Bill of quantity, Schedule rate , Tender document )

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CHAPTER 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Quantity surveying emerged as a separate profession in Britain in the 19th century. It is simply
a task of measuring construction work required to implement the architects' design for new or
renovated buildings. The purpose of the work is to produce quantified specifications of works
known as Bills of Quantities
A bill of quantities (BOQ) is a document used in tendering in the construction industry in
which materials, parts, and labor (and their costs) are itemized. It also (ideally) details the terms
and conditions of the construction or repair contract and itemizes all work to enable
a contractor to price the work for which he or she is bidding.
The quantities may be measured in number, , area, volume, weight or time. Preparing a bill of
quantities requires that the design is complete and a specification has been prepared.
The bill of quantities is issued to tenderers for them to prepare a price for carrying out the
construction work.
The bill of quantities assists tenderers in the calculation of construction costs for their tender,
and, as it means all tendering contractors will be pricing the same quantities (rather than taking-
off quantities from the drawings and specifications themselves), it also provides a fair and
accurate system for tendering.
The contractor tenders against the bill of quantities, stating their price for each item.
This priced bill of quantities constitutes the tenderer's offer.
As the offer is built up of prescribed items, it is possible to compare both the overall price and
individual items directly with other tenderers' offers, allowing a detailed assessment of which
aspects of a tender may offer good or poor value. This information can assist with tender
negotiations.
The priced bill of quantities will also:
▪ Assist with the agreement of the contract sum with the successful tenderer.
▪ Provide a schedule of rates assisting with the valuation of variations.
▪ Provide a basis for the valuation of interim payments.
▪ Provide a basis for the preparation of the final account.
1.1 INTRODUCTION OF BILL PREPARATION
The survival of any business is heavily depend on the success of commercial management.
When it comes to commercial management in construction industry, Bill of Quantities
(BOQ) is the term which brings attention of every construction professionals and
stakeholders.
It is one of the communication tool which connects the parties (Client, consultant &
contractor) of construction project. Keith defines, BOQ is a schedule which categories,

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details and quantifies the materials and other cost items to be used in construction project. It is
important to know that, direct costs & indirect costs are to be considered for complete cost of
the project which are covered in different parts of the BOQ.

Generally BOQ is in tabular form which contents description, unit, quantity, rate & amount
in different columns.


Fig 1.1: BOQ Document


1.2 The Importance of BOQ
BOQ shall be used in every phase (pre-contract & post-contract) of the project but need
of BOQ differs based on different contract agreements & project. The major usages are
listed below.

1. It provides basic idea of the project by giving the quantities to tenderers.
2. It defines the extent of the work. (But it should be identified in line with
drawings & specification as well).
3. It gives estimated or anticipated contract sum. (very important to client)
4. It provides a basis for valuation of variation. (Variation is to be discussed in detail).

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1.3 The major Parts of BOQ
Parts of BOQ can be varied according to the project size as well the practices. Generally it has
measured works, Preliminaries & Provisional sums. The contract sum would be addition of
these three items.
1.4 STANDARDS OF BILLS
It is very important that bills of quantities are prepared according to a standard, widely
recognised methodology. This helps avoid any ambiguities or misunderstandings and so helps
avoid disputes arising through different interpretations of what has been priced.
1.5 PREPARING BILL OF QUANTITY
Bills of quantities can be prepared elementally or in works packages, by a process of 'taking
off' which involves identifying elements of construction works that can be measured and
priced. See Taking off for more information.
Bills of quantities are most useful to the contractor when they are prepared in work
sections that reflect likely sub-contract packages. This makes it easier for the contractor to
obtain prices from sub-contractors and is more likely to result in an accurate and
competitive price.
1.6 BENEFITS OF BILL OF QUANTITY
Bills of Quantities which we produce allow for obtaining a competitive tender price for
completing the building works, valuing the extent of building works complete for the
purpose of making payments to the contractor, valuing variations in the content or extent
of building works, or to support applications for tax or other financial incentives.
Our detailed measurement for the purpose of bills of quantities production is beneficial for
a number of reasons:

• It saves considerable time and cost of several contractors measuring the same
design in order to calculate their bids for competition;
• It provides a consistent basis for obtaining competitive tenders from contractors;
• It provides an extensive and clear statement of the work to be executed;
• It provides a very strong basis for budgetary control and accurate cost reporting
of the contract.
• It allows, when BQ items are codified, reconciliation and any necessary transfers
and adjustments to be made to the cost plan;
• When priced it provides data to support claims for grants;
It provides one of the best sources of real-time cost data, which can be used for
estimating the cost of future building projects.

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CHAPTER 2

2.0 STANDARD SCHEDULES OF RATES

All the Governments / Departments every year prepare and update rates of normally used
building items / Materials / works item. Number of such items may range from 500 to 1000.
This is called Schedule of Rates.

• S.O.R is the list of rates of various items of work.

• To facilitate the preparation of estimates and also to serve as guide in setting rate
in connection with contract agreements.

• It is maintained in the form of printed books known as schedule of Rates ( S.O.R).
• It consists of group of items such as excavation items , concrete items , demolition
items , plumbing items , electrification works etc.

• S.O.R is prepared by Central Public Works Department (CPWD) which is premier
construction organization of Government of India.
• The S.O.R consists rates about 2500-3000 items under different subheads like
Building work , Water supply , Sanitary etc.




Fig 2.1 Different types of workers

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2.1. S.O.R OF LABOURS

A work schedule generally refers to the days per week and the hours per day that an employee
is expected to be at their job. There are several different types of work schedules, which vary
based on the organization and the position. Your schedule can also vary based on the time of
year. For example, some jobs have work schedules that change, depending on the season.
• Various category of labors /artisans are required for construction. The rates may
vary from place to place.
• A work schedule generally refers to the days per week and the hours
per day that an employee is expected to be at their job.

2.2 RATES PER UNIT PER DAY

( This is 2017-2018 data declared by CPWD during IIT Patna construction )

Sr no. Type of labors Rates ( per day )
1 Mistry 400
2 Mason 300
3 Male labor 200
4 Female labor 180
5 Carpenter 300
6 Blacksmith 300
7 Painter 250
8 White Washer 200
9 Plumber 300
10 Watch Man 200

Fig 2.2 Different labour rates

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CHAPTER 3

How to Prepare a Bill of Quantities

3.0 Drafting Your Bill of Quantities
1. Set up a spreadsheet for your bill of quantities
Include columns for the item numbers, description, unit of measurement, quantity, rate for
the item, labor, and total cost for the item. Your item numbers will be consecutive, starting
from 1. Restart the item numbers for each section or category of the build.
2. Prepare a list of materials you'll need to complete the project
Look at the architect's plans and write a basic list of all the building materials required and
the amounts needed of each. This includes wiring, hardware, and other fixtures
3. Break down the project into specific sections or categories
Since different parts of your project will likely be handled by different contractors or
subcontractors, split up your list of materials into those sections. That way, each contractor
or subcontractor will know exactly what their costs will be for the project
4. Estimate the labor required to complete each part
Based on the amount of work to be done, determine the number of man-hours it will take
to finish. This should be a conservative estimate since some workers are more efficient than
others
5. Make an initial cost estimate based on the architect's design
Look at the average prices for the materials and labor in your area. You can find out
materials prices by checking hardware stores. To learn labor prices, you can talk to
contractors in your area who work on similar projects
6. Draft a schedule based on the estimates in the BoQ
Once you have labor estimates, it's possible to determine how long it will take to complete
your project. Keep this schedule loose to account for things, such as weather, that could
cause delays.


FIG 3.1 COST ESTIMATION

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3.1 Hiring a Quantity Surveyor

1. Start your search for a quantity surveyor early in the project
A quantity surveyor will be a much bigger help to you in the beginning, before you've
started work. They help you mitigate risk and give you a better idea of what you're
getting into
2. Talk to your architect about quantity surveyors
If you worked with an architect on the design of the project, they may have a quantity
surveyor they recommend. Many architectural firms routinely use a specific firm for
their quantity surveying needs
3. Ask for recommendations from people who have completed similar projects
You'll typically get a better estimate if you use a quantity surveyor who has experience
working on projects similar to yours in terms of size and scope. Some quantity
surveyors specialize in particular types of builds.
4. Check with chartering or licensing agencies
Quantity surveyors typically have to be chartered or licensed by a government
regulatory agency. You may also be able to find background information about the
quantity surveyor, such as how long they've been licensed and whether any complaints
have been filed against them.
5. Interview at least 2 or 3 quantity surveyors
It's always a good idea to interview 2 or 3 candidates for any role in your project. Then
you can hire the best one for the job. Find out how much experience they have doing
projects like yours and how those projects turned out. you can also ask quantity
surveyors for references from prior projects.

FIG 3.2 QUALITY SURVEYER

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3.2.Evaluating Quotes from Contractors

1. Decide whether to hire a main contractor or oversee the build yourself
The main contractor simply manages and supervises the process of completing the
build – they don't do the actual building themselves. If you hire a main contractor,
they'll hire subcontractors to do all the work.
2. Ask the architect or surveyor for contractor recommendations
If your architect or quantity surveyor has worked on similar projects before, they may
have contractors they've worked with that they could recommend. They can also tell
you if there's anyone you should stay away from
3. Get contractor estimates based on your BoQ
Try to get at least 3 estimates on your project. For a larger project, you may want to get
4 or 5. Call contractors and give them a basic run-down of the project to find out if they
have the time to commit to it. If they're interested, send them your BoQ.
4. Choose the contractor with the lowest bid for the project
The lowest bid typically wins the day for a contractor. However, you also want to look
at how they arrived at the number they did and make sure they don't plan to cut corners
anywhere.

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CHAPTER 4

4 PROBLEM

Que .4.1 Find out rate analysis for excavation in a trench for foundation. ?

Solution :

Particulars Quantity or
nos.
Rate (in R.S ) Cost ( in R.S )
Materials
Labours,etc.
Mistri (Head mason)


10


400.00 Per day


4000.00
Mazdoor ( Beldar ) 20 250.00 Per day 5000.00
Boy or Women coolie 24 230.00 Per day 5520.00
Sundries , T and Petc. Lump sum 125.00 L.S 125.00

Total of materials and labours
Add 10% contractor profit
GRAND TOTAL

RATE PER % CUMEC -11930.00 R.S

14645.00
1464.50
16109.50
For 100 cumec

1. For every additional lead of 30 m beyond 30m – Beldar – 2nos, coolie 2 nos.
2. Foe every additional lift of 1.5m beyond 1.5m – Beldar – 2 nos,coolie – 2 nos.

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CHAPTER 5
5.0 TENDER
Tendering usually refers to the process whereby governments and financial institutions invite
bids for large projects that must be submitted within a finite deadline. The term also refers to
the process whereby shareholders submit their shares or securities in response to a takeover
offer.
5.1 Tender Document
The tender documents contains the bill of quantities (BOQ), specifications of the works to be
carried out, time frame for the completion of the work, conditions of the contract and plans and
drawings. These documents are provided to the contractor on the payment of certain fees.
Ideally, tender documents should be broken down into a series of packages (even if there will
only be one main contract) each with its own design drawings and specifications suitable to be
issued by the main contractor to potential sub-contractors. This makes the tender easier for the
contractor to price and easier for the client to compare with other tenderers.
It is important, when this is done, to ensure that the interfaces between packages are properly
identified and clearly allocated to one package or another. Having too many packages increases
the number of interfaces and so the potential problems. The cost plan (pre-tender estimate)
should also be re-assembled package by package to allow easy appraisal of tenders received.
1.The notice inviting tender.
2. Tender form.
3. Schedule of quantities of work to be done.
4. Generaal and special conditions of contract.
5. Complete specifications.
6. One set of drawing where necessary.
5.2 Tender Notice
Tender notice is issued in the prescribed form for calling tenders for execution of some works.
The following informations are furnished in the tender notice;
i. Name of the authority or department inviting tenders.
ii. Name of work and its location.
iii. Estimated cost .
iv. Time of completion.
v. Cost of tender form and conditions of contract.
vi. Date, time and place of opening the tenders.
vii. Earnest money and security money.
viii. Validity of tender etc.

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These are some of the major sections that you can expect to find in the tender documents
issued by most organizations. To know all the relevant information about the latest national
and international tenders, you should check the websites of some of the most reputed
tendering portals. You can also know about the latest Kenya, Zambia and Tanzania tenders,
across various industries, from one of these portals.
Tender notice is advertised in all the leading newspapers and also pasted on the notice board
of the department inviting tenders.


Fig 5.1: Tender Notice Format

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CONCLUSION

We can conclude that the use of bill and quantity in the civil engineering is very importance and also we
learn about new things like tenders , preparation of bill , cost estimations etc. As the scope of understanding
will be much more when practical work is done. As we get more knowledge in such a situation where we
have great experience doing the practical work.
It provide sufficient information on the quantities of Works to be performed to enable bids to be
prepared efficiently and accurately; and when a contract has been entered into. we also learn a
priced Bill of Quantities for use in the periodic valuation of works executed.

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REFERENCES

1. www.nptel.com .
2. C.P.W.D /P.W.D articles.
3. Preparation of Basic Estimates,Bill of Quantities,Schedule of Rates and Measurement Book.
4. I.S – 1200 (Part – 1) : 1992,
5. “Cost Estimation Methods & Tools” By Gregory k. Mislick WILEY.
6. “Estimating and Costing” By “D.D KOHLI & Ar.R.C KOHLI”.