Presentación sobre el proceso de Fracking

Presentación sobre el proceso de Fracking

1. FRACKINGFRACKING
A presentation by Laia

2. 01
02
03
04
05
06
Current policies about it
IndexIndex
How it works
Its origins
Why is it dangerous?
Where is it being used
in Spain?
Bibliography
07
What is it

3. Fracking is a drilling technique, it is a process by which
water, sand, and chemicals are injected deep into the earth
at very high pressures to crack open rock layers and release
the oil or gas trapped inside the hard-to-exploit rock
formations. Companies have been using this technique for
decades. Fracking has made it easier to extract oil and gas
from previously inaccessible sites.
What is itWhat is it

4. Its originsIts origins
Hydraulic fracturing was first used in Kansas in
1947 to extract natural gas from a limestone
formation in the Hugoton gas field. Since that,
petroleum engineers have regularly used hydraulic
fracturing as a means of increasing production.

5. How it worksHow it works
The withdrawal of
groundwater or surface
water to make hydraulic
fracturing fluids.
Water Acquisition
The mixing of a base
fluid, proppant, and
additives at the well
site to create hydraulic
fracturing fluids.
Chemical Mixing
The injection and
movement of hydraulic
fracturing fluids through
the oil and gas
production well and in
the targeted rock
formation.
Well Injection
The on-site collection
and handling of water
that returns to the
surface after hydraulic
fracturing and the
transportation of that
water for disposal or
reuse.
Produced Water
Handling
Wastewater
Disposal and Reuse
The disposal and reuse
of hydraulic fracturing
wastewater.

6. Why is it dangerousWhy is it dangerous
Fracking can poison
groundwater,if the oil or
gas wells are not built
sturdily enough, they can
leak and contaminate
groundwater. Drilling and
fracking produce large
amounts of toxic wastes.
Contaminate water
Fracking has been blamed
for leaking millions of tons
of methane, a greenhouse
gas more potent than carbon
dioxide. Not only is fracking
bad for our climate, it uses
toxic chemicals that may not
be regulated well enough.
Pollute surface
Wildlife habitat
Oil and gas development
destroys wildlife habitat and
sensitive lands.

7. Where is being used in Spain?Where is being used in Spain?
In Spain there are people who
consider shale gas an opportunity,
but other populations don´t accept
the environmental and health risks
of fracking.
There are two important oil and gas
reserves in the North and South of
Spain. The Government has awarded
licences to drill the areas and
measure their hydrocarbon
resources.

8. Current policiesCurrent policies
about itabout it
In many states, oil and gas rights
take precedence over surface
ownership, so oil and gas wells
and the associated industrial
activity, including chemicals and
waste, can be located in
residential or agricultural areas
regardless of zoning.
Companies are not required by
any federal law to identify the
chemicals they are injecting into
the ground as part of fracking.
Companies could be required to
capture methane.
Clean Water Act
Clean Air Act
Safe Drinking Water Act
Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act
National Environmental
Policy Act

9. BibliographyBibliography
https://www.vox.com/2014/4/14/18076690/fracking
https://www.epa.gov/hfstudy/hydraulic-fracturing-
water-cycle
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hydraulic-
fracturing.asp
https://www.wilderness.org/news/article/truth-
about-fracking-and-environment
https://www.goodenergiesalliance.ie/campaigns/fracki
ng/what-is-fracking/fracking-in-other-
countries/fracking-in-spain/
https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/policy-
basics-fracking-FS.pdf

10. ThankThank
you!!you!!