PRESENTATION 3.pptxeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeef

Nill

1. NEONATOLOGY BY: DR AMADU JALLOH

2. NEONATOLOGY DEFINITION: It is the branch of medicine concerned with the comprehensive health care of neonates during illness and wellness. OR Is a subspecialty of pediatrics that consists of the medical care of newborn infants, especially the ill or premature newborn (up to 28 days after birth).

3. NEONATOLOGY It is a hospital based specialty and is usually practiced in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

4. NEONATAL PERIOD The neonatal period commences at birth and ends 28 completed days after birth. Early neonatal period; First seven days of life. Late neonatal period: 7 to 28 days of life.

5. PERINATAL PERIOD The perinatal period commences at 22 completed weeks(154 days) of gestation (the time when birth weight is normally 500g), and ends seven completed days after birth.

6. CLASSIFICATION (GESTATIONAL AGE) PRE-TERM < 37 WEEKS TERM 37 TO 42 WEEKS POST TERM >42 WEEKS

7. CLASSIFICATION (BIRTH WEIGHT) NORMAL BIRTH WEIGHT: 2.5 TO 3.5KG LOW BIRTH WEIGHT < 2.5KG LARGE FOR GESTATIONAL AGE: >4.2KG

8. NEONATAL CARE Neonatal care involves; Patients (Baby) – Parents – Nurses – Clinical officers (PTP) – Doctors – and – Consultants.

9. COMPONENTS OF NICU

10. COMPONENTS OF NICU

11. COMPONENTS OF NICU

12. COMPONENTS OF NICU

13. COMPONENTS OF NICU

14. COMMON CASES OF NICU ADMISSION Preterm Neonatal jaundice Neonatal sepsis Birth asphyxia Meconium Aspiration Congenital disorders

15. MORTALITY RATES DEFINITIONS AND MEASUREMENT

16. LIVE BIRTH Complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception irrespective of the duration of the pregnancy , which, after such separation, breathes or shows any other evidence of life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles, whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached; each product of such a birth is considered LIVEBORN .

17. FETAL DEATH, STILLBIRTH Death prior to the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy; the death is indicated by the fact that after such separation the fetus does not breathe or show any other evidence of life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles.

18. PERINATAL MORTALITY An important indicator of: Maternal Care Maternal health and nutrition Quality of obstetric and paediatric care

19. PERINATAL MORTALITY Perinatal Mortality Rate: The number of deaths of foetuses (according to the reporting criteria) plus the number of early neonatal deaths, per 1000 total births. Fetal and Early Neonatal Deaths x 1000 Total Births

20. NEONATAL MORTALITY Neonatal mortality is when a baby dies in the first 28 days of life. OR Death amongst live births before 28 days of age (whatever the gestation at birth)

21. NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE Neonatal mortality rate is the number of neonates dying before reaching 28 days of age; per 1000 live births.

22. EARLY NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE The number of early neonatal deaths during a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year.

23. POST-NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE The number of deaths of infants aged 28 days to 364 days, per 1,000 live births. Post neonatal death x 1000 live Births

24. CAUSES OF NEONATAL MORTALITY The major causes of neonatal mortality are – (1) INFECTIONS (36%) -Sepsis - Pneumonia - Tetanus - Diarrhoea - Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI)

25. CAUSES OF NEONATAL MORTALITY Pre-term/low birth weight baby (28%) Birth asphyxia (23%) Birth injury (4%) Congenital (5%) Unspecified (4%) Other causes (2%)

26. INFANT MORTALITY RATE The number of deaths of infants aged less than one year, per 1000 live Births Deaths under one year of age x 1000 Live Births

27. CHILD MOTALITY THE MOST IMPORTANT IS UNDER- 5 MORTALITY RATE

28. UNDER -5 MORTALITY RATE A leading indicator of the level of child health and overall development in countries. The fourth indicator of 8 MDGs

29. UNDER -5 MORTALITY RATE The number of deaths of children aged less than 5 years, per 1000 live births Deaths under 5 years of age x 1000 Live Births

30. THANK YOU