Presentation (6)-1.pptx Adrenal Gland Anatomy

Gland presentation

1. Adrenal glands The adrenal glands are small, triangular glands located on top of each kidney. They play a crucial role in the body's endocrine system by producing a variety of hormones that regulate metabolism, immune response, blood pressure, and other essential functions. The adrenal gland is divided into two main parts: outer cortex inner medulla.

2. Adrenal cortex The adrenal cortex is the outer layer of the adrenal gland and is responsible for producing steroid hormones. It has three zones: Zona Glomerulosa : Location: The outermost layer of the adrenal cortex. Function: Produces mineralocorticoids, primarily aldosterone. Zona Fasciculata : Location: The middle and largest layer of the adrenal cortex. Function: Produces glucocorticoids, primarily cortisol. Zona Reticularis : Location: The innermost layer of the adrenal cortex. Function: Produces androgens, including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione.

3. Adrenal medulla The adrenal medulla is the innermost part of the adrenal gland. It is composed of chromaffin cells, which produce catecholamines-mainly adrenaline (epinephrine ) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine ). These hormones are critical for the "fight or flight" response, as they increase heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels, preparing the body to respond to stressful situations.