Presentation of a good layout and their merits

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1. PLANT MAINTENANCE AND WORKS SERVICES III – PROJECT WORK   ACCRA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT - PLANT III   HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA - FULL TIME Optimistic3595

2. NAMES INDEX NUMBER PHONE NUMBER SIGNATURE OKOTO       QUAYE JOEL NII ADU MENSA   0571599418   HASHIME ARYEETEY 01180532D 0540441524   MICHAEL ABOAGYE KUMI 01181756D 0506474533   SOTTIE FREDRICK 01182360D 0541149958   PERSIDIS EDWIN KWESI 01181033D 0556267669   GROUP 4

3. CHAPTER ONE 1.1 BACKGROUND / INTODUCTION Plant layout is an industrial engineering mechanism which involves knowledge of space requirements for facilities and also involves their proper arrangement so that continuous steady movement of the production cycle takes place. Plant layout means the disposition or optimum arrangement of the various facilities including personnel equipment, material handling equipment, storage space and manpower requirement to manufacture a product. Plant layout begins with the design of the factory building and goes up to the location and movement of a work table. All the various facilities are given a proper place. In deciding the place for the various facilities, the supervisors and workers who have to operate them should be consulted.

4. 1.2 GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF A GOOD PLANT LAYOUT In a good plant layout: Material handling and transportation is minimized and effectively controlled. Facilitate the manufacturing process by maintaining balance in the processes. Streamline flow of materials through the plant. Maintain flexibility of arrangements and operation. Maintaining high turnover of work in process. Effective utilization of labour . Increase employee morale. Hold down investment in equipment. Make economical use of floor areas. Plant maintenance is simpler.

5. 1.3 THE PROBLEM STATEMENT Plant layout problems are of several types: Design change Reduced department Enlarged department Adding a new product Moving a department Adding a new department Planning a new department

6. 1.3.1 Factors affecting location of the plant layout Nearness to raw materials: It will reduce the cost of transporting raw materials from the vendor’s end to the plant. Transport facilities: A lot of money is spent both in transporting the raw materials and the finished goods depending upon their sizes. Nearness to markets: It reduces the cost of transportation as well as chances of the finished products getting damage and spoiled in the way especially perishable products. Availability of water: Depending upon the nature of plant, water should be available in adequate quantity and should be of proper quality. Financial and other aids: Certain states gives aids as loans, feed money and machinery to attract industrialists.

7. 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS Research questions may be expressed as either a principle of the plant layout or to find solutions to the problem statement. They are the principles of: Minimum movement and material handling. Safe and improved environments. Overall integration. Flexibility Smooth and continuous flow. Supervision. Cubic space utilization. Satisfaction Economy Interdependence

8. CHAPTER TWO 2.1 REVIEW. This area in a factory building is necessary to ensure machinery tools are in a proper place. The required objectives of material handling and transportation is minimized to permit materials and workers to move through the plant at the desired speed with the lowest cost and to avoid bottlenecks and points of congestions.

9. Different facility/plant layout Fixed Position Layout: In fixed position layout, the products generally circulate within the production facilities (machines, workers etc.) also in this particular types of layout do not move, it is the different resources that are moved to perform the operations on the product. This type of layout is commonly found in industries that manufactured large size products such as ships or aircraft.

10. Process Layout: Process layout groups facilities with similar functions together (resources of the same type). This organization is often reported to be suited when there is a wide variety of product.

11. Cellular Layout: In a cellular layout, machines are grouped into cells to process families of similar parts. These cells also need to be placed on the factory floor

12. Combination Layout: A combination of process and product layout combines the merits of both types of layouts since this studies reveals the types of plant layout is necessary to know the layout configuration in regards to plant layout.

13. Layout Configurations Single Row: The single raw layout problem occurs when facilities have to be placed along a line. But several shapes may be considered from this basic situation, such as; Linear Semi-circular U shape Multi Rows: The multi-rows layout involves several rows of facilities.

14. CHAPTER THREE 3.1 EXISTING MODEL OF LABOURARY III

15. CHAPTER FOUR 4.1 EXISTING MODEL OF AUTOMOBILE LABOURARY  

16. CHAPTER FIVE 5.1 NEW AND MODIFIED STRUCTURE OF THE LABOURARIES

17. CHAPTER SIX 6.1 RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION 6.1.1 CONCLUSION From the above topic, we conclude that the success of modern manufacturing facilities is tied on the capacity to efficiently design, run and maintain plant layout that can easily adapt to the numerous technology changes as well as costumer demands.

18. Due to the ever changing market requirements, stiff competition, more variety of products, reduced life cycle of products and high cost of manufacturing, companies that have just one product may find it difficult to break even. This explains the need to have a good designed functional plant layout that will be able to switch from one line of product to another without major alterations. It will also achieve fast flow of raw materials and work in progress at the lowest cost, and with the lowest amount of handling as valves are being added to the product.

19. From the various views: We have learnt how science and engineering can interact in useful ways. All the dry theoretical material that we have learnt has taken on real and significant relevance. We have seen how studies can be applied to a practical organization. We saw the various procedures, processes and equipment used in plant layout which were studied in books, and this has helped us in better understanding plant layout and concepts of manufacturing.

20. 5.1.2 RECOMMENDATION Determines log run efficiency. Strategic implications regarding competitive priorities like capacity, process, flexibility, cost, quality, customer and image. Effective and efficient layout will meet firm’s competitive requirements. Poor plant location often leads to higher costs, difficult marketing and transportation and competitive disadvantage. The plant location is an important entrepreneurial decision as it influences cost of production and distribution to a great extent. In some cases, the location may contribute to even 10% of cost of manufacturing and marketing.