Presentation of Asthma

Presentation of Asthma

1. PRESENTATION ON ASTHMA Prepared By, Mr. Akash N. Bhagwat Lecturer, M.M.N.S. Of Nursing College, Yavatmal

2. ASTHMA INTRODUCTION : Asthma attacks all age groups but often starts in childhood. It is a disease characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing, which vary in severity and frequency from person to person. In an individual, they may occur from hour to hour and day to day.

3. DEFINITION OF ASTHMA Asthma : A common lung disorder in which inflammation causes the bronchi to swell and narrow the airways, creating breathing difficulties that may range from mild to life-threatening. Symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, wheezing, and chest tightness. This condition is due to inflammation of the air passages in the lungs and affects the sensitivity of the nerve endings in the airways so they become easily irritated. In an attack, the lining of the passages swell causing the airways to narrow and reducing the flow of air in and out of the lungs.

4. Causes of Asthma Asthma Causes and Triggers When you have asthma, your airways react to many different things in the environment called  asthma triggers . Contact with these triggers cause asthma symptoms to start or worsen. Common asthma triggers include: Infections like  sinusitis ,  colds , and  flu Allergens such as pollens,  mold , pet dander, and  dust mites Irritants like strong odors from perfumes or cleaning solutions Air pollution Tobacco  smoke Exercise   Cold air or changes to the weather, such as changes in temperature or humidity Strong emotions such as  anxiety , laughter, crying, or stress Medications such as  aspirin

5. Pathophysiology of asthma TREGER FACTOR INFLAMMATION Hypersecretion Airway mucus Swelling bronchial Of Mucus Construction membrane Narrow breathing pattern and wheezing sound of Breath

6. CLINICAL FEATURES OF ASTHMA Airway obstruction.  When you breathe normally, the bands of muscle that surround your airways are relaxed and air moves freely. But when you have asthma, those bands of muscle tighten. Air can’t move freely. When there’s less air in your lungs, you feel short of breath. The air moving out through your tightened airways causes  wheezing .   Inflammation   .  People with asthma have red and swollen bronchial tubes. This inflammation can damage the  lungs . Treating this inflammation is key to  managing asthma  in the long run.

7. Continuing..... Signs of a severe asthma attack include: wheezing, coughing and chest tightness becoming severe and constant being too breathless to eat, speak or sleep breathing faster a fast heartbeat drowsiness,  confusion , exhaustion or  dizziness blue lips or fingers Fainting

8. Type of asthma Types of asthma The most common type of asthma is bronchial asthma, which affects the  bronchi  in the lungs. Additional forms of asthma include  childhood asthma and adult-onset asthma . In adult-onset asthma, symptoms don’t appear until at least age 20. Other types of asthma are described below. Allergic asthma (extrinsic asthma) Allergens  trigger this type of asthma. These might include: pet dander from animals like  cats  and  dogs food mold pollen dust Allergic asthma is more likely to be  seasonal  because it often goes hand-in-hand with  seasonal allergies .

9. Continuing..... Nonallergic asthma (intrinsic asthma) Irritants in the air not related to allergies trigger this type of asthma. Irritants might include: burning wood and cigarette smoke cold air air pollution viral illnesses air fresheners household cleaning products perfumes Occupational asthma Occupational asthma is a type of asthma induced by triggers in the workplace. These include: dust dyes gases and fumes industrial chemicals animal proteins rubber latex These irritants can exist in a wide range of industries, including farming, textiles, woodworking, and manufacturing.

10. Continuing... Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) usually affects people within a few minutes of starting exercise and up to 10–15 minutes after physical activity. This condition was previously known as exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Up to 90 percent  of people with asthma also experience EIB, but not everyone with EIB will have other types of asthma. Nocturnal asthma In this type of asthma, symptoms worsen at night. Triggers that are thought to bring on symptoms at night include heartburn, pet dander, and dust mites. The body’s natural sleep cycle may also trigger nocturnal asthma. Cough-variant asthma (CVA) Cough-variant asthma doesn’t have classic asthma symptoms of wheezing and shortness of breath. CVA is characterized by a persistent, dry cough. Cough-variant asthma can lead to full-blown asthma flares that include the other more common symptoms.  Find out how to identify an asthma cough here.

11. Diagnostic evaluation of asthma Asthma diagnos tic evaluation : There’s no single test or exam that will determine if you or your child has asthma. Instead, your doctor will use a variety of criteria to determine if symptoms are the result of asthma. The following can help diagnose asthma: Health history.  If you have  family members  with the breathing disorder, your risk is higher. Alert your doctor to this genetic connection. Physical exam.  Your doctor will listen to your breathing with a  stethoscope . They may also conduct a  skin test , looking for signs of an  allergic reaction  such as  hives  or  eczema . Allergies increase your risk for asthma. Breathing tests.  Your doctor may use  pulmonary function tests (PFTs)  to measure airflow into and out of your lungs. The most common test,  spirometry , requires you to blow into a device that can measure the speed of the air.

12. Complications of asthma What are the complications of asthma? Asthma which is not carefully managed can lead to: constant fatigue frequent leave from work or school due to constant asthma flare-ups pneumonia increased mucus production thickening and narrowing of bronchial tubes which can become permanent leading to respiratory failure respiratory failure severe chest pain

13. Management of asthma Medical treatments To treat asthma effectively, an asthma action plan will help. That includes identifying and avoiding asthma triggers, identifying your level of asthma toleration, using drug therapies, and having an emergency action plan ready in case of severe attacks. You will need to proactively work with your doctor to find out which course of treatment works best for you. Each case of asthma is different, therefore depending on your condition, your doctor will create an asthma treatment plan exclusively for you. The treatment plan will have directions on how to take your medicines as well as information about the specific asthma triggers you need to avoid. The initial asthma treatment provided will depend upon the severity of your condition. The follow-up treatment will depend upon your response to the initial treatment.   The severity of the asthma attacks will differ in different environments, and also over time.The dosages of your medicines will also be changed accordingly by the doctor.If you are able to control your symptoms efficiently, the doctor will reduce the dosage of your medicines.

14. Continuing.. Asthma is treated with two types of medicines - Long-term control medicines  - which helps to reduce inflammation of the airway passages, thereby reducing the asthma symptoms. Quick-relief medicines  -  which as the name suggests are emergency medicines to be taken during an asthma attack. The asthma medicines can be taken in pill form, or by breathing them in using a nebulizer or an inhaler. An inhaler allows the medicine to go directly into the lungs. Your level of asthma control can vary over time and with changes in your home, school, or work environments. These changes can alter how often you're exposed to the factors that can worsen your asthma. Asthma treatment will vary for different groups of people. For example, the treatment for people suffering from allergic asthma will be different from those in whom exercise brings on asthma symptoms. Similarly, treatment for children will be different from the treatment given to pregnant women.

15. Nursing management of asthma NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Breathing deficulty Ineffective Breathing Pattern   Related To Swelling and spasm of the bronchial tubes in response to inhaled irritants,  infection , drugs, allergies or infection. Coughing Ineffective Airway Clearance Related to Excessive production of mucus. Weakness Activity Intolerance Related to Loss of appetite

16. Prevention of asthma Identify  Asthma  Triggers. ... Avoid Away From Allergens. ... Avoid Smoke of Any Type. ... Prevent Colds. ... Allergy-Proof Your Home. Get Your Vaccinations. ... Consider Immunotherapy Allergy Shots. ... Take  Asthma  Medications as Prescribed

17. Thank You...