Presentation on AU, EU, APEC, NAFTA, AFTA, SAPTA, LAFTA, ASEAN

This a Presentation on AU, EU, APEC, NAFTA, AFTA, SAPTA, LAFTA, ASEAN. I have made this based on my assignment what is based on some trade organizations :-)

1. Presentation on AU, EU, APEC, NAFTA, AFTA, SAPTA, LAFTA, ASEAN

2. S ubmitted To : M ohammad Naymur Rahman (Rumi ) Lecturer of Department of Business Administration Z.H. Sikder University of Science and Technology

3. Student name Student ID Student email Sujon miah 150216009 [email protected] Rifat Sikder 150316009 [email protected] Omar Faruq 150316023 [email protected] Robin bepary 150316011 [email protected] TOF – Team Of FriendS

4. Sujon Miah ID: 150216009 Dept. Business Administration

5. AU : Asian Union The Asian Union was proposed by Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev on April 26, 2007, in order to create an economic and political union similar to that of the EU encompassing the five former Soviet Central Asian republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan . Central Asian Union (CAU) South Asian Union (SAU )

6. Central Asian Union (CAU) : A Central Asian Union was proposed by Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev on April 26, 2007, in order to create an economic and political union similar to that of the EU encompassing the five former Soviet Central Asian republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan . South Asian Union (SAU) : The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a political and economic organisation of ten Southeast Asian countries. It was formed on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Since then, membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), and Vietnam. Its aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside protection of regional stability as well as providing a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully.

7. EU : European Union The EU is a unique economic and political partnership between 28 European countries that together cover much of the continent. From economic to political union Mobility, growth, stability and a single currency Transparent and democratic institutions

8. From economic to political union : What began as a purely economic union has evolved into an organisation spanning policy areas, from development aid to environment. A name change from the EEC to the European Union (EU) in 1993 reflected this. Mobility, growth, stability and a single currency : The EU has delivered half a century of peace, stability and prosperity, helped raise living standards, and launched a single European currency, the euro. Human rights and equality : One of the EU’s main goals is to promote human rights both internally and around the world. Human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights: these are the core values of the EU. Since the Lisbon Treaty's entry in force in 2009, the EU's Charter of Fundamental Rights brings all these rights together in a single document. The EU's institutions are legally bound to uphold them, as are EU governments whenever they apply EU law.

9. Robin Bepary ID: 150316011 Dept. Business Administration

10. APEC : Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim member economies, that promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific region. Policy Partnership on Women and the Economy Women and the Economy Forum 2014 APEC Women and the Economy Forum (WEF) Women and Green Development Women and Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation

11. Policy Partnership on Women and the Economy : The Policy Partnership on Women and the Economy (PPWE) is the senior-officials level working group responsible for Asia Pacific Economy Cooperation (APEC) gender activities and outcomes. Women and the Economy Forum : As the only APEC forum dedicated to gender issues, the annual APEC Women and the Economy Forum (WEF) represents an important opportunity to enhance economic opportunities for women through the APEC process.

12. 2014 APEC Women and the Economy Forum (WEF ) The 2014 APEC WEF took place from 21-23 May in Beijing, China. The main theme was Harnessing the Power of Women for Asia-Pacific Prosperity. There were also three subthemes. Women and Green Development The 2014 APEC WEF took place from 21-23 May in Beijing, China. The main theme was Harnessing the Power of Women for Asia-Pacific Prosperity. There were also three subthemes . Women and Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation The theme of women and green development relates to many issues and areas, such as women and economic restructuring and reform, women and environmental protection and eco-construction, women and eco-agriculture, regional cooperation in environmental protection and new economy that participants can discuss and share their views and insights about.

13. NAFTA : North American Free Trade Agreement The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is an agreement between Mexico, the United States and Canada. The agreement was signed by US President George H.W. Bush, Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, and Mexican President Carlos Salinas on December 17, 1992 in San Antonio, Texas, and took effect on January 1, 1994. Goals of NAFTA Trade

14. Goals of NAFTA : NAFTA was created to eliminate barriers to trade and investment between the US, Canada and Mexico. The implementation of NAFTA immediately eliminated tariffs on more than one-half of Mexico's exports to the US and more than one-third of US. exports to Mexico. Within 10 years of implementation, all US-Mexico tariffs would be eliminated except for some US agricultural exports that were to be phased out within 15 years. NAFTA also seeks to eliminate non-tariff trade barriers and to protect the intellectual property right of the products . Trade : The US had a services trade surplus of $28.3 billion with NAFTA countries in 2009 (the latest data available). Foreign direct investment of Canada and Mexico in the US (stock) was $237.2 billion in 2009, up 16.5% from 2008. Income in the maquiladora sector has increased 15.5% since the implementation of NAFTA in 1994.

15. Omar Faruq ID : 150316023 Dept. Business Administration

16. AFTA : Asean Free Trade Area The creation of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) was agreed at the 1992 ASEAN Summit in Singapore. The main objectives of the AFTA are to : create a single market and an international production base; attract foreign direct investments; and expand intra-ASEAN trade and investments . Trade and Regional Integration Strategies ASEAN Charter and Economic Community Blueprint

17. Trade and Regional Integration Strategies : The negotiations for a regional FTA represent a key component of both the global and regional economic integration strategies of both the EU and ASEAN . ASEAN Charter and Economic Community Blueprint : Two major developments took place in the ASEAN Summit in Singapore in November 2007. The first was the signing of the ASEAN Charter, which confers legal personality to ASEAN and institutes mechanisms for decision-making and closer coordination among Member states. The second important development was the adoption of ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint (AEC), which will establish ASEAN as a single market and production base guaranteeing free flow of goods and services, investments and capital, as well as greater mobility of skilled labor.

18. SAFTA : South Asian Free Trade Area The South Asian Free Trade Area ( SAFTA ) is an agreement reached on 6 January 2004 at the 12th SAARC summit in Islamabad, Pakistan. It created a free trade area of 1.6 billion people in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (as of 2011, the combined population is 1.8 billion people ). Liberalizing Protectionist Regimes Financial Sector Liberalization India’s Unique Position

19. Liberalizing Protectionist Regimes : After the Second World War, significant protectionist sentiment compelled the economies of South Asia to pursue import-substituting industrialization (ISI). They maintained a strong anti-export bias, a massive public sector, and a control-ridden private sector at their periphery. ISI advocates worked to limit trade, especially intra-regional trade . Financial Sector Liberalization : Until the region could adopt a greater degree of integration, financial sector liberalization was necessary. India and Sri Lanka began to deregulate interest rates and permitted private sector banking to grow in the mid-1990s; Nepal and Pakistan pursued identical measures in the late 1990s. With the exception of India and Sri Lanka, who were concerned with looming budget deficits, a majority of South Asian economies followed suit . India’s Unique Position : India has emerged as the region’s unquestioned economic leader. It has failed to reach its full potential, however, due to tenuous relations with its neighbors. Experiences of the last two decades (1985-2005) have shown how difficult it is to bring about reasonable economic integration between such politically acrimonious members of the SAARC as India and Pakistan. Their relationship has always been one of suspicion 4 . In stark contrast, the small economies of Bhutan and Nepal have maintained strong trade links with India.

20. Rifat Sikdar ID : 150316009 Dept. Business Administration

21. LAFTA : Latin American Free Trade Association The Latin American Free Trade Association , LAFTA,was created in 1960 in the 1960 Treaty of Montevideo by Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. The signatories hoped to create a common market in Latin America and offered tariff rebates among member nations. North American Free Trade Agreement Central American Free Trade Agreement Other Free Trade Agreements

22. North American Free Trade Agreement : A major stimulus to U.S.-Latin American trade has been the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which the United States, Mexico, and Canada signed in 1994. Central American Free Trade Agreement : In 2004, the success of NAFTA led to the formulation of the similar Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA), involving the United States and the Central American nations of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Shortly afterward, the Caribbean island nation of the Dominican Republic joined the agreement, which became known as DR-CAFTA. Other Free Trade Agreements : In 2004, a free trade agreement between the United States and Chile went into effect. This bilateral treaty soon resulted in a 154 percent increase in the value of trade between The United States and Chile.

23. ASEAN : Association of Southeast Asian Nations The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is an alliance promoting economic and political cooperation by fostering dialogue among its ten members: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Addressing Regional Security Issues Human Rights Concerns Relations With the United States

24. Addressing Regional Security Issues : ASEAN was formed in 1967 amid the Vietnam War, uniting Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand against the potential threat of a communist-led insurgency. It was originally intended to serve as a security community, promoting social and political stability during a turbulent time in the region, says CFR Senior Fellow Sheila A. Smith . Human Rights Concerns : The alliance's noninterference principle came under scrutiny when the group drafted a 2007 charter, which all ten members ratified by October 2008. Early drafts included provisions for charter violation sanctions and a system of compliance monitoring for ASEAN agreements, but these elements were cut after deliberations revealed conflicting visions of ASEAN's continued role in the region . Relations With the United States : In 2012, ASEAN was the United States' fifth-largest trading partner, with goods trade totaling $198 billion. A stronger China, freedom of navigation in Southeast Asian sea lanes, and U.S.-China currency disputes have all given the United States an impetus to secure tighter diplomatic and trade ties with ASEAN, said former CSIS fellow and current U.S. ambassador to Myanmar Derek J. Mitchell. The Obama administration has increased U.S. participation in ASEAN activities, naming an ambassador to ASEAN and establishing the U.S.-ASEAN annual summit.

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