Presentation ON BIOFUEL PRODUCTION - Copy (1) (1).pptx

BIOFUEL PRODUCTION SUSTAINABLE

1. Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF): Technologies, Challenges and Opportunities Towards Greener Skies. إعداد / عبدالعاطي الأشـــــــلم

2. Introduction to SAF 6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 2

3. Why SAF ?   Air Transport Action Group (ATAG) estimate: Aviation contributes roughly 2% of global CO2 emissions and 12% of the world's transportation sector emissions. To address this challenge, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) established the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA). 6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 3

4. CORSIA's Goals and Strategies: Goals : Reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from international aviation and achieve carbon-neutral growth.    Strategies for Airlines to Meet Emission Reduction Targets:    1. Emission Reductions : Utilizing more fuel-efficient aircraft, optimizing light paths, and implementing operational  improvements.    2. CORSIA-Eligible Fuels:    2.1 Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF): Derived from  renewable or waste-based sources, offering significant lifecycle CO2 reductions.     2.2 Lower Carbon Aviation Fuels (LCAF): Demonstrate lower emission compared to conventional jet fuel.   3. Carbon Offsets (potentially phased out): Airlines can purchase verified carbon credits to compensate for their emissions 6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 4

5. CORSIA Implement three Phases - Pilot Phase (2021-2023):  - Voluntary Phase (2024-2026):  - Mandatory Phase 2027: 6/6/2024 5

6. Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Production Pathways 6/6/2024 6

7. Technology pathway categories for the production of SAF 6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 7

8. Commercialization status of various biofuel pathways based on fuel readiness level 6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 8

9. The HEFA Production Process 6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 9

10. Strengths and Challenges of HEFA Technology Routes Technology Route Strengths Challenges   Hydro-processed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA/HVO) Mature technology with established processes and infrastructure Scalable production with existing refineries adaptable for HEFA Repurposed infrastructure reduces upfront costs High feedstock cost: Vegetable oils are expensive and compete with food production Competition with other biofuels like biodiesel further drives up costs. Limited biojet yield (around 15-20%) requires more feedstock . 6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 10

11. List of companies producing HEFA fuels (mainly renewable diesel) 6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 11

12. Production Costs for HEFA-Based (SAF) Fuels produced via the HEFA/HVO route cost three to six times more than conventional jet fuel The price depending on the current cost of petroleum jet fuel and the lipid feedstock used to make the bio-jet. The price of HEFA was USD 2124 / tonne (Sep 2020) Source Argus Media index ( Argusmedia , 2020), 6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 12

13. SAF specifications SAF must strictly adhere to the specifications outlined in ASTM D7566 before being deployed in commercial aviation. This specification covers the manufacturing of jet fuel that combines conventional and synthetic components. It applies only at the point where the fuel is first blended. Jet fuel meeting D7566 specification can be classified as D1655 jet fuel, eliminating the need for duplicate testing. This specifications defines requirements for jet fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons and approves specific additives for civil aviation use. 6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 13

14. Handling and Transport From manufacturing to blending, synthetic blending components must be: Handled and transported following the same procedures as finished jet fuel. Meet the specifications outlined in the relevant annex tables. 6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 14

15. Annex A2: Synthesized Paraffinic Kerosine from Hydro-processed Esters and Fatty Acids 6/6/2024 15

16. Once sufficient production experience is gained, this Table A1.2 might only be required for new facilities, significant production changes, or introducing new raw materials. 6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 16

17. Blending Process Blending Process 6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 17

18. Blending process The final jet fuel blend must be visually free of contaminants like water, sediment, or suspended matter. The fuel should not have a nauseating or irritating odor. The final blend must meet all the detailed requirements specified in a separate table within the standard. 6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 18

19. Detailed Requirements of Aviation Turbine Fuels Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons 6/6/2024 19

20. Roadmap for starting sustainable aviation fuel production  6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 20

21. Challenges for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production 6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 21

22. Availability of potential SAF feedstocks in MENA 6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 22

23. Initiatives for SAF production in the MENA region. 6/6/2024 23

24. African airlines African airlines are currently focused on survivability and economic sustainability before prioritizing environmental aspects, but they are taking steps to reduce their carbon footprint in the meantime. Kenya Airways  Ethiopian Airlines Royal Air Maroc 6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 24

25. Domestic Production vs. Importation Currently, most countries with SAF programs import it from established producers due to several reasons: Faster Availability : Pre-produced SAF allows quicker emission reduction while domestic production ramps up. Economies of Scale : Established producers offer lower initial costs due to large-scale production. Lack of Existing Production Infrastructure: Building and commissioning domestic SAF production facilities is a complex and time-consuming process. 6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 25

26. Glob a l Leading SAF Producers Company Production Neste (Finland) Current leader in global SAF production with an estimated annual capacity of around 1.5 million tonnes . * Utilizes waste and residue feedstocks like used cooking oil for sustainable production. World Energy (US) Major SAF supplier in the US, focusing on responsible feedstock sourcing from forest and crop waste. * Aims to reach a significant production capacity of 150 million gallons (around 568,000 tonnes ) of SAF per year by 2024. 6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 26

27. Conclusion Sustainable Aviation Fuel emerges as a promising solution to address emission reduction challenges in the aviation industry. HEFA serves as the current, mature technology for SAF production. However, it faces significant economic limitations due to high production costs. ASTM D7566 establishes a framework for integrating renewable feedstocks into SAF production. Several factors influence the choice between prioritizing domestic SAF production or import, including existing infrastructure, accessibility of feedstock, and economic feasibility. The global aviation industry undeniably steers towards sustainable practices. 6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 27

28. Thank you for your Attention 6/6/2024 لجنة تنفيذ البروتوكول العالمي لاستخدام وقود الطيران المستدام 28