Presentation On Bitumen Tests. Bitumen: A Critical Component in Road Construction.

Presentation On Bitumen Tests
Bitumen: A Critical Component in Road Construction.
I’m excited to share our latest Presentation Slides presented at our university that dive into the essential bitumen tests used to ensure the quality and durability of our roads. This guide covers key tests such as:
1. Penetration Test
2 . Ductility Test
3. Softening Point Test
4 . Viscosity Test
5. Flash & Fire Point Test
6. Loss on Heating Test
7. Specific Gravity Test
1. Penetration Test
Purpose: Determines the hardness or softness of bitumen.
Procedure: A needle with a specified load is allowed to penetrate the bitumen sample for 5 seconds at 25°C.
Result: Penetration value in tenths of a millimeter, indicating consistency and grade of bitumen.
2. Ductility Test
Purpose: Measures the ability of bitumen to stretch without breaking.
Procedure: A briquette of bitumen is stretched at a standard rate until it breaks.
Result: Length in cm before rupture, reflecting flexibility.
3. Softening Point Test
Purpose: Identifies the temperature at which bitumen softens.
Procedure: A steel ball is placed on a bitumen disc; the temperature at which it sinks through a specified distance is recorded.
Result: Softening point in °C, showing thermal behavior.
4. Viscosity Test
Purpose: Measures the resistance of bitumen to flow.
Procedure: Bitumen is heated and allowed to flow through a calibrated orifice under specific conditions.
Result: Viscosity value in poise or centistokes, indicating workability.
5. Flash & Fire Point Test
Purpose: Assesses the temperature at which bitumen emits flammable vapors (flash point) and sustains combustion (fire point).
Procedure: Bitumen is heated, and the temperature is noted when a flame causes ignition.
Result: Safe handling temperatures for bitumen.
6. Loss on Heating Test
Purpose: Determines bitumen's resistance to oxidation and volatilization.
Procedure: A sample is heated in an oven for 5 hours at 163°C, and the weight loss is measured.
Result: Percentage loss in weight, showing durability under heat.
7. Specific Gravity Test
Purpose: Identifies the density of bitumen relative to water.
Procedure: Weight of a given volume of bitumen is compared to the weight of an equal volume of water.
Result: Specific gravity value, aiding material classification.
These tests collectively ensure that bitumen used in construction meets performance, safety, and durability standards.

1. WELCOME

2. Group Members
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3. BITUMEN & ITS LABORATORY
TESTS

4. Bitumen is a black, viscous, and sticky form of
petroleum that is primarily composed of hydrocarbons.
It is obtained through the distillation of crude oil or as a
natural deposit, and it is commonly used in the
production of asphalt.
Bitumen has a variety of uses, particularly in the
construction industry where it is a key component in
asphalt for road paving. It works as a binder for the
materials used in the wearing coat. Bitumen is also used
in waterproofing roofs & sealants.
Introduction To Bitumen

5. Tests Performed On Bitumen
Ductility Test
Softening Point Test
Viscosity Test
Specific Gravity Test
Flash & Fire point Test
Penetration Test
Loss On Heating Test

6. DUCTILITY TEST
The ductility test measures the ability of the bitumen to stretch without
breaking. It is performed by pulling the bitumen sample in a standard
testing apparatus until the sample breaks.
To determine the ductility of a bitumen sample & its usability in road
construction.
Objective:

7. Ductility test is performed by the
following standard IS: 1208 at 25°C,
using an apparatus that pulls the
sample at a constant speed of 5
cm/min.
DUCTILITY TEST
Methodology:

8. High ductile bitumen less likely to crack under traffic loading
Evaluates overall suitability for road construction
Assesses the adhesive property and stretchability of bitumen
The minimum acceptable limit is 75 cm (for standard paving grades).
The test value is 85 cm which is acceptable.
Significance:
Result:
DUCTILITY TEST

9. SOFTENING POINT TEST
Softening Point Test determines the temperature at which bitumen
begins to soften and flow under a defined load.
To determine the consistency of bitumen & the maximum
temperature to which it can be heated.
Objective:

10. Softening Point test is performed by the
following standard: IS 1205: Softening
Point Test (Ring and Ball method) is used
to measure the temperature at which the
bitumen sample softens.
Methodology:
SOFTENING POINT TEST

11. A higher softening point indicates better resistance to flow at higher
temperatures, making it suitable for hotter climates.
Softening Point of bitumen is between the range of 35°C - 70°C for
road construction where the maximum temperature is 40°C or greater
than 40°C. The test result is 56.1°C which is acceptable.
Significance:
Result:
SOFTENING POINT TEST

12. Penetration test measures the hardness of bitumen by determining how
deep a needle penetrates under standard conditions.
To determine the consistency of bituminous material & the penetration
value.
Objective:
PENETRATION TEST

13. Penetration test is performed by following
the standard: IS 1203: Penetration Test is
done at 25°C with a standard needle and
load.
Methodology:
PENETRATION TEST

14. Penetration test determines the consistency of bitumen and helps classify
it into grades, indicating its suitability for different climates and traffic
loads.
The acceptable penetration value is between the range of 25 to 200 in
road construction.The test value is 37.20 mm which is between 30 to 40,
so it is a 30/40 grade bitumen.
Significance:
Result:
PENETRATION TEST

15. It is the ratio of the mass of the bitumen to the mass of an equal volume of
distilled water at a specified temperature.Specific gravity measures how
much lighter or heavier the material compared with the same volume of
water.
To determine the Specific Gravity of bituminous material & to classify
bitumen.
Objective:
SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST

16. This test is performed by the following
standard IS: 1202 - 1978 using
pycnometer, balance, water, water
bath, thermometer, etc.
Methodology:
SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST

17. Helps in the classification of binders
Assists in mix design calculation
Detection of impure materials in bitumen
The acceptable specific gravity is between the range of 0.97 to 1.02 in
road construction. The test value is 0.98 mm which is between 0.97 to
1.02, so it is acceptable.
Significance:
Result:
SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST

18. The "Loss on Heating" test of bitumen measures the mass loss that
occurs when a sample of bitumen is heated for a specified period at a
controlled temperature. This test assesses the bitumen's volatility, which
affects its durability and suitability for use in pavement construction.
To study the Effect of heating & change in weight of bitumen due to
heating.
Objective:
LOSS ON HEATING TEST

19. This test is performed by the following
standard IS: 1212 using Loss on Heating
apparatus.
Methodology:
LOSS ON HEATING TEST

20. This test helps to understand the ability to withstand high temperatures
without losing excessive mass
An ideal bitumen should not lose more than 1% of its mass after heating.
The value obtained from the test is 0.09%, which is within the acceptable
limit.
Significance:
Result:
LOSS ON HEATING TEST

21. To determine the Flashpoint and fire point of asphaltic bitumen and the
safe temperature up to which the bitumen sample can be exposed.
Flash point: The Flash point of a material is the lowest temperature at which the vapor of
a substance momentarily takes fire in the form of a flash under specified conditions of the
test.
Fire point: The fire point is the lowest temperature at which the material gets ignited and
burns under specified conditions of the test for 5 seconds.
Objective:
FLASH AND FIRE POINT TEST

22. This test is performed by the following standard
IS: 1209-1978 using Pensky Martens apparatus
with Closed Cup or Open Cup method.
The sample is heated and at which temperature
the vapour catches a spark and a visible fire
occurs are taken as Flash Point and Fire Point
respectively.
Methodology:
FLASH AND FIRE POINT TEST

23. The acceptable limit for Flash and Fire points of bitumen is 175°C to 200°C and 200°C
to 220°C respectively. The obtained result was 175°C for the Flash point and 207°C for
the Fire point. So the bitumen is safe to use for road construction.
Flash point and fire point are key parameters for assessing safe mixing temperature.
It provides crucial information about safety against hazards.
Influences the safe handling and storage requirements of bitumen.
Significance:
Result:
FLASH AND FIRE POINT TEST

24. Viscosity is a fundamental property of fluids (liquids and gases) that
describes a fluid's resistance to flow.
It is defined as the inverse of fluidity and describes how “thick” or "sticky"
a fluid is.
To determine the viscosity of bitumen & its usability in road
construction.
Objective:
VISCOSITY TEST

25. This test is performed by the following
standard IS 1206 (Part 1)-1978.
An orifice-type viscometer is used & the
viscosity is measured by determining the
time taken by 50ml of the bitumen to
flow from a cup through orifice.
Methodology:
VISCOSITY TEST

26. The viscosity test of bitumen is significant for determining its suitability
and workability in road construction.
The standard flow time varies from 40–50 seconds.
The duration of flow of 50 ml bitumen obtained from test = 45 sec
So, the tested bitumen can be used in Road construction.
Significance:
Result:
VISCOSITY TEST

27. Bitumen is an essential material in road construction, and understanding its properties
through laboratory tests ensures it performs optimally in real-world conditions.
The tests outlined above, performed according to IS standards, help in selecting the
right grade of bitumen for various applications.
Each test has its significance and limitations, but together they provide a
comprehensive view of the material’s suitability.
CONCLUSION

28. Q & A

29. THANK YOU