presentation on CANCER.pptx for bsc nursing

Non communicable disease

1. CANCER

2. Cancer is one of the major cause of death worldwide specifically in developing countries. Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally,accounting for an estimated 9.6 million deaths or one in 6 deaths in 2018. Breast Cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide in females considering all ages (Globocan 2018).More than half of the world's total new annual cases are found in Africa,Asia and Central and south America. Around 70% of the world's cancer deaths occur in this region. INTRODUCTION

3. Cont…. Around 30% of cancer causes are preventable by adopting healthy lifestyle or by getting immunized against infectious (HBV, HPV) causing cancer. The five mejor behavioral and diatery risk include : increased level of body mass index,low intake of fruit & vegetable ,lack of physical activity , alcohol & tobacco use . These factors are accountable for around one third of cancer deaths.

4. Cont … Cancer is a broad term for a large number of disease that can disturb any part of the body. Other terms used are malignant tumors and neoplasms. The sailent feature of cancer is the fast multiplecation of abnormal cells that grow out of way and attack adjoining part of the body.

5. Causes Cancer is a multifactorial disease . There are many factors influencing the occurrence of cancer Environmental factors A. Tobacco & Alcohol consumption B. Dietary pattern C. Occupation D. Viruses E. Parasites schistosomiasis Genetic factors

6. 1.Environmental factors A.Tobacco consumption Practice of consumption of tobacco is widely popular and prevalent worldwide. People use and enjoy tobacco in many forms like smoking, chewing etc. It is the core factor of environment in causing Cancer of lung, larynx, pharynx,esophagus, pancreas,bladder and kidney.

7. Alcohol consumption This is mainly related with esophageal and liver cancer.

8. B.Dietary pattern Our every food also happened to have carcinogenic agent . People consume cancer causing food items knowingly or unknowingly.

9. Cont…. Some of the diet induced cancer are : High fat content in our daily diet for longer period can influence breast cancer. Smoked fish is the major cause of stomach cancer. Consumption of beef for longer time duration may induce bowel cancer.

10. C.Occupation Person's occupation is the bread and butter for the family . Unfortunately long period of exposure to some chemicals in the worksite may cause cancer.

11. D .Viruses Some specific viruses are proved to be causing some cancer like : Hepatitis “B” & ”C” causes hepatocellular carcinoma Human papilloma virus causes cancer of uterine cervix.

12. E. Parasites schistosomiasis Usually people may consider parasites causing other types of disease but not cancer. On the contrary to people's perception parasites cause carcinoma of the bladder.

13. Cont ….. Burning of soild fuels in houses create indoor smoke that may induce cancer. Some of the customs, habits and lifestyles make people adopt wrong practices that place them at high risk for cancer.

14. 2. Genetic factors Genetics takes a kee role in causing retinoblastoma that occur in children of the same parent

15. Cancer Control Cancer Control measures include primary and secondary prevention. Primary prevention : Adequate knowledge of people on factors influencing cancer may help in primary prevention . 1.Control of tobacco & alcohol consumption: control of tobacco & alcohol will help to reduce the number of tobacco & alcohol induce cases . But this is need high cooperation from consumer side , otherwise there should a law enforcement .

16. 2.Personal hygiene: Maintenance of proper hygiene would help in reducing the inidence of some cancers like cervical cancer. This requires couples / partners practice high level of personal hygiene. 3.Radiation: Reducing exposure rates among the people especially those who are pron for frequent exposure may reduce the incidence of radiation induce cancer.

17. 4.Immunization Primary liver cancer and carvecal cancer are prevented by vaccines . 5.Foods ,drugs ,and cosmetics Should be tested for carcinogens. 6. Air pollution Which is widely prevalent should be control with adequate measure.

18. 7. Legislation Legislative matters can enhance prevention like baning - smoking of any form of tobacco. 8. Education on cancer What is the vital step in . Commmunity must be educated on warning signs of cancer. Equipping community with educate knowledge would help reporting of their problem to health care members for further management.

19. Warning signs of cancer There is a common acronym use all over the world to sell out the warning signs of cancer. C : Chang in bowel or bladder habits. It is most commonly seen in colorectal cancer. A : A sore that does not heal one time. If any sore on the skin or in the mouth does not heal by taking some treatment may be suspected to be skin cancer or oral cancer. U : usual bleeding or discharge. Bleeding from orifice like bleeding from bladder, vagina ,or rectum may indicate prostate, cervical or colorectal cancer.

20. Cont … T: Thickening . Thickening of the breast can be sign of cancer . A lump develop on a testicle can mean testicular cancer. I : Indigestion. Indigestion & difficulty in swallowing can be a symptoms of stomach, throat, esophagus or mouth cancer. O : Obvious changes to mole. This is the most common sign of skin cancer. N : Nagging cough. A cough that leads for 4 weeks or longer can be indication of lung or throat cancer.

21. Secondary prevention Cancer registration: Cancer registration is essential to know the magnitude of the problem and for planning the necessary services. There are two types of cancer registries: Hospital based registries Population based registries

22. Hospital based registries : It includes all patients treated by a perticular institution . Registries should collect the minimum set of data as mentioned in the “WHO” hand book of standardize cancer registries. Population based registries: The hospital registry is extended to population. The major aim of this is to bring in the information related to entire cancer situation of the given area.

23. Early diagnosis Creating people awareness on early sign and symptoms of cancer help in early detection and timely treatment of the Cancer causes. The treatment has better outcome if it is done at early stages of cancer.

24. Screening tests for some cancers Visual inspection with acetic acid for carvical cancer . This is mainly used in low resource settings. Human papilloma virus testing for cervical cancer. PAP cytology test: this is generally referred to “cervical pap smear test “ helps in carvical cancer detection.Use in middle and high income settings. In addition to above breast self-examination is advised to perform and report.

25. Treatment An appropriate cancer diagnosis is the integral part and vital based for effective treatment. This is mainly, every cancer type demands a specific treatment regimen that may involve one or more approches like surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

26. Early detectable Cancer There are can ces that have High curr rates if detected early and treated on time . Some of them are breast cancer, cervical cancer,oral cancer and colorectal cancer.

27. Palliative care Palliative Care can be reffered to terminal care . Many cancer clients visit hospital only at final stages either due to ignorance or financial constraints. Palliative care provids symptomatic treatment. Most palliative centers function with the aim of relieving pain, providing comfort and peace and helping them to lead a dignified death.

28. Conclusion Cancer is the major causes of death worldwide specifically in developing countries. There are some cancer that have High cure rates if detected early. Creating people awareness on early sign and symptoms of cancer help in early detection and timely treatment of causes.