Presentation on classification of protozoa

parasitology/classification/protozoa

1. Classification of protozoa Ajay Subedi Janamaitri foundation Kathmandu,Nepal

2. Protozoa The word protozoa arises from the greek word “ protos ” meaning first or primitive and “zoon” meaning animal. Kingdom Protista includes unicellular,eukaryotic and microscopic organisms.The diverse group of Protista is regarded as phylum protozoa . It includes almost 50,000 species.

3. General characters of phylum protozoa; T hey may be free living found in freshwater , marine ,or live in damp soil .some are parasites and few are saprophytes and commensals. Protoplasm is differentiated into outer clear and transparent ectoplasm and inner granular and semi-fluid endoplasm. Body is nacked or bounded by a definite layer called pellicle.

4. Locomotion takes place by finger like pseudopodia [ e.g.Amoeba ],or hair like cilia [ e.g.paramecium ] and whip like flagella [ e.g.Euglena ]. Digestion is intracellular. Respiration takes place by general body surface by the process of diffusion. Reproduction mainly occur asxually by budding(Vorticella),binary fission(Amoeba) or multiple fission (Plasmodium) and sexually by conjugation of adults( i.e.hologamy ) or fusion of gametes( i.e.syngamy ).

5. Life cycle Protozoa have active stage known as trophozoite and inactive stage known as cyst. Trophozoite stage is infective stage and occur in favourable condition. Cyst(non motile) is disinfective stage which is developed in unfavourable condition.such as, dehydration, low nutrient supply, and even anaerobic enviroment .

6. Classification On the basis of light and electron microscopic morphology, the protozoa are currently classified into seven phyla. Most species causing human disease are members of the phyla Sacromastigophora and Apicomplexa .

7. Sub kingdom Phylum Sub-phylum Genus- examples Species- examples Protozoa Sarcomastigo-phora Sarcodina Entamoeba histolytica Mastigophora Giardia lambia Apicomplexa Plasmodium falciparum vivax malariae ovale Ciliophora Balantidium coli Microspora Enterocytozoa bienusi

8. Phylum- Sarcomastigophora sub-phylum - Sarcodina (amoebae) Genus,Entameba e.g. Entameba histolytica b) Genus,Endolimax e.g. Endolimax nana c)Genus , Iodameba e.g. Iodameba butchlii d) Genus,Dientmeba e.g. Dientameba fragilis

9. Sub phylum - Mastigophora (Flagellates ) (a) Genus Giardia e.g . G. lamblia (b) Genus Trichomonas e.g . T. vaginalis (c) Genus Trypanosoma e.g . T. brucci (d) Genus Leishmania e.g . L. donovani

10. Sub-phylum - Apicomplexa ( Sporozoa ) (1) Genus Plasmodium e.g . P. falciparum (2) Genus Toxoplasma e.g . T. gondi (3) Genus Cryptosporidum e.g . C. parvum (4) Genus Isospora e.g . I. beli

11. Sub –phylum- Ciliophora ( ciliates ) e.g . Balantidium coli

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