Presentation on Community health nursing

Introduction to community health nursing

1. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING : PRINCIPLES , ROLES & RESPONSIBILITES PRESENTATION ON PRESENTED BY : Ms. Pratibha M.Sc. Nursing 1 st Year

2. OBJECTIVES : Introduction of community health nursing. Concept of community health nursing . Principles of Community health nursing . Roles and responsibilities of community health nursing .

3. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

4. INTRODUCTION Community health nursing, also called public health nursing or community nursing, combines primary healthcare and nursing practice in a community setting. Community health (CH) nurses provide health services, preventive care, intervention and health education to communities or population .

5. DEFINITION: Special field of nursing that combines the skill of nursing , public health and some phases of social assistance functions as a part of the total public health program for the promotion of health , the improvement of the conditions in the social and physical environment , rehabilitation of illness and disability. ( WHO Expert Committee of Nursing)

6. Major goals for community health nursing Care of ill, disabled and suffering. Support development and well-being throughout the lifecycle. Promotion of human relatedness and mutual caring. Promotion of self-responsibility regarding health and well being. Promotion of relative safety in the environment while conserving resources.

7. CONCEPT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

8. Biomedical Concept Traditionally health has been considered as an absence of the diseases and if someone was free from disease, then that person was considered healthy. This concept is known as biomedical concept, and it is based on the “germ theory of the disease.”

9. Cont… Health means “absence of disease.” The medical profession viewed the human body as a machine and disease is an outcome of the breakdown of the machine, and one of the doctor’s tasks was to repair the machine. This concept has minimized the role of the environment, social and cultural determinants of the health. Developments in medical and social sciences led to the conclusion that the biomedical concept of health was inadequate

10. 2 . Ecological Concept Deficiencies in the biomedical concept gave rise to other concepts. The ecologists put forward the concept of ecological concept. Ecologists viewed health as a dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment, and the disease as a maladjustment of the human organism to environment .

11. 3. Psychological concept Advances in social sciences showed that health is not only a biomedical phenomenon, but one which is influenced by social, psychological, cultural, economic and political factors of the people concerned. These factors must be taken into consideration in defining and measuring health. Thus health is both a biological and social phenomenon

12. 4. Holistic Concept Holistic health  is about caring for the whole person — providing for your physical, mental, spiritual, and social needs. It's rooted in the  understanding  that all these aspects affect your overall  health , and being unwell in one aspect affects you in others.

13. PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING Community needs Knowledge and understanding of objectives and policies Family a unit Respect values and customs Integrating education and counselling Collaborative work

14. Cont… Continuous education Continuous evaluation Local resources Community participation Supervision of services Recording and reporting

15. Community health nursing is a vital part of public health and there are 12 principles that govern community health nursing: Community needs - To the recognized need of individuals, families and communities provided the basis for CHN practice.

16. Knowledge and understanding of objectives and policies - the mission statement commits community health nurses to positively actualize their service to this end. 3) Family a unit - CHN considers the family as the unit of service. Its level of functioning is influenced by the degree to which it can deal with its own problems. Cont…

17. Cont… 4 ) Respect values and customs - respect for the values, customs and beliefs of the clients contribute to the effectiveness of care to the client 5) Integrating education and counselling - CHN integrates health education and counselling as vital parts of functions.

18. Cont… 6) Collaborative work - collaborative work relationships with the co-workers and members of the health team facilities accomplishments of goals. 7) Continuous evaluation - periodic and continuing evaluation provides the means for assessing the degree to which CHN goals and objectives are being attained.

19. Cont… 8) Continuing education - continuing staff education program and quality services to client and are essential to upgrade and maintain sound nursing practices in their setting. 9) Local resources - utilization of indigenous and existing community resources maximize the success of the efforts of the community health nurses.

20. Cont… 10 ) Community participation - active participation of the individual, family and community in planning and making decision for their health care needs, determine, to a large extent, the success of the CHN programs. 11) Supervision of services - Supervision of nursing services qualified by CHN personnel provides guidance and direction to the work to be done. Provision of employees for effective and efficient work are developed.

21. Cont… 12) Recording and reporting - Accurate recording and reporting serve as the basis for evaluation of the progress of planned programs and activities and a guide for the future actions. Maintenance of accurate records is a vital responsibility of community as these are utilized in studies and researchers and as legal documents.

22. Roles and Responsibilities of Community Health Nurse Clinician Educator Advocate Managerial Collaborator Leader Researcher

23. Clinician role /direct care provider The clinician role in the community health means that the nurse ensures that health services are provided, not just to individuals and families but also to groups and population. For community health nurses the clinician role involves certain emphasis different from basic nursing, i.e. – Holism Health promotion Skill expansion…..

24. Cont… a) Holism : In community health, however, a holistic approach means considering the broad range of interacting needs that affect the collective health of the client as a larger system. The client is a composite of people whose relationships and interactions with each other must be considered in totality. b) Health Promotion focus on wellness : The community health nurse provides service along the entire range of the wellness – illness continuum but especially emphasis on promotion of health and prevention of illness.

25. Cont… c) Expanded skills : the nurse uses many different skills in the community health clinician role skill. In addition to physical care skill, recently skills in observation, listening, communication and counselling became integral to the clinician role with an increased emphasis on environmental and community wide considerations such as problems with pollution, violence and crime, drug abuse, unemployment and limited funding for health programs.

26. Educator role It is widely recognized that health teaching is a part of good nursing practice and one of the major functions of a community health nurse (Brown, 1988). The educator role is especially useful in promoting the public’s health for at least two reasons.

27. Cont… The educator role: - - Has the potential for finding greater receptivity and providing higher yield results? - Is significant because wider audience can be reached. - The emphases throughout the health teaching process continue to be placed of illness prevention and health promotion.

28. Advocate role A  nurse advocate  is a  nurse  who works on behalf of patients to maintain quality of care and protect patients' rights. They intervene when there is a care concern, and following the proper channels, work to resolve any patient care issues. Realistically, every  nurse  is an  advocate .

29. Managerial role They oversee patient care, make  management  and budgetary decisions, set work schedules, coordinate meetings, and make decisions about personnel. “The  nurse manager  is responsible for creating safe, healthy environments that support the work of the health care team and contribute to patient engagement.

30. Case management Case management refers to a systematic process by which the nurse assesses clients’ needs, plans for and co-ordinates services, refers to other appropriate providers, and monitors and evaluates progress to ensure that clients multiple service needs are met.

31. Collaborator role Community health nurses seldom practice in isolation. They must work with many people including clients, other nurses, physicians, social workers and community leaders, therapists, nutritionists, occupational therapists, psychologists, epidemiologists, biostaticians , legislators, etc. as a member of the health team (Fairly 1993, Williams, 1986). The community health nurse assumes the role of collaborator, which means to work jointly in a common endeavour, to co-operate as partners.

32. Leader role Community health nurses are becoming increasingly active in the leader role. As a leader, the nurse directs, influences, or persuades others to effect change that will positively affect people’s health. The leadership role’s primary function is to effect change; thus, the community health nurse becomes an agent of change. They also seek to influence people to think and behave differently about their health and the factors contributing to it.

33. Research role In the researcher role community health nurses engage in systematic investigation, collection and analysis of data for the purpose of solving problems and enhancing community health practice. Research literally means to search and/or to investigate, discover, and interpret facts. All researches in community health from the simplest inquiry to the most epidemiological study uses the same fundamental process.

34. Cont… The research process involves the following steps: Identifying an area of interest Specify the research question or statement Review of literature Identifying the conceptual frame work Select research design Collect and analyse data

35. Cont… Interpret the result Communicate the findings The community health nurse identifies a problem or question, investigates by collecting and analysing data, suggests and evaluates possible solutions and selects and or rejects all solutions and starts the investigative process over again. In one sense, the nurse in gathering data for health planning, investigates health problems in order to design wellness – promoting and disease prevention for the community.

36. SUMMARIZATION Community health nursing: also called public health nursing or community nursing, combines primary healthcare and nursing practice in a community setting. Concept of community health nursing : Biomedical concept Ecological Psychological Concept Holistic Concept

37. Cont… Principles of community health nursing Community needs Knowledge and understanding of objectives and policies Family a unit Respect values and customs Integrating education and counselling Collaborative work Continuous education Continuous evaluation Supervision of services Recording and reporting

38. Roles and Responsibilities of Community Health Nurse : Clinician Educator Advocate Managerial Collaborator Leader Researcher

39. Questions ???? What do you mean by Community health nursing ?? Enlist any 3 principles of community health nursing?? Enlist any 5 roles and responsibilities of community health nurse ??

40. Assignment ??? Who are Community Health Officer and their functions ???