Presentation on Generating Electricity from Piezoelectric Devices

Presentation on Generation of Electricity Using Piezoelectric Devices

1. GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY THROUGH FOOTSTEP IMPACT USING A PIEZOELECTRIC DEVICE   By FATIMEHIN, OLUWASEYI EMMANUEL (17/30GD045)   IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B.ENG) DEGREE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING   SUPERVISOR: PROF. J. O. AWEDA   JUNE 2023

2. Nigeria, as one of the largest economies on the continent, has substantial installed generation capacity of more than 13.5 GW . Compared to the country's peak demand of 8.25 GW, generation should be able to adequately address the national demand. Yet in 2019 the available capacity only amounted to 3.7 GW. The yearly rise in the demand for electricity throughout the country demands the generation of cleaner sources of electricity. There are several renewable sources of power like solar, wind, hydro, etc. but still, there are many more ways through which electricity can be generated. An alternative method to effectively generating electricity is by footstep energy generation. Piezoelectric sensors possess the unique ability to produce an electrical current when exposed to mechanical stress. Exploiting this property, can effectively harness energy from various sources, including footsteps. Footstep power generation emerges as a promising technology, offering a sustainable energy solution applicable in diverse environments like sidewalks, walkways, and athletic tracks. INTRODUCTION

3. According to the Energy Information Administration (EIA), the average American home uses an average of 10,632 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity per year. That’s 29,130 watts (W) per day, which can be divided by 24 hours to get an average of 1,214 W to power a home throughout the day. Though it won't meet the requirement of electricity but as a matter of fact if we are able to design a power generating floor that can produce 100W on just 12 steps, then for 120 steps we can produce 1000 Watt and if we install such type of 100 floors with this system then it can produce 1MegaWatt. Nigeria is endowed with large oil, gas, hydro and solar resources, and it has the potential to generate 12,522 MW of electric power from existing plants. On most days, however, it is only able to dispatch around 4,000 MW, which is insufficient for a country of over 195 million people (USAID, 2020) INTRODUCTION

4. Figure 1: A pictorial example, showing the effect of stress on a piezoelectric material Cosmic Energy. Piezoelectric Energy [online]. Available from: http://www.cosmic-energy.org/?page_id=771 [23/10/2013] INTRODUCTION Figure 2: Effect of Stress on a Piezoelectric material (Source: ScienceDirect.com)

5. To design a low-budget device that generates electricity from the motion of footsteps, using a Piezoelectric device, that will be utilized in Urban Areas in Nigeria. PROBLEM STATEMENT Figure 3: People walking on Piezoelectric Tiles in crowded areas Image credit: Stock

6. The aim of this project is to develop a low-cost device that would generate electricity from human motion, especially footsteps. The objectives are listed below: To research on the generation of electricity from motion with footsteps. To design and construct a system that can generate electricity from footsteps. To test the system and measure its efficiency. To identify the factors that affect the efficiency of the system. To propose improvements to the system that could increase its efficiency. Suggest enhancements and modifications to improve the system's overall efficiency. AIM AND OBJECTIVES

7. An investigation into energy generating tiles: Pavegen [R] by Seow , Chen, and Khairudin (2011). The paper investigates the potential of Pavegen tiles to generate electricity from footsteps. The paper tests the performance of Pavegen tiles under a variety of conditions, including different footfall forces, different tile sizes, and different flooring materials. The results of the paper show that the tiles can generate a significant amount of electricity from footsteps. The amount of electricity generated is proportional to the footfall force and the tile size. The tiles can be used to power a variety of devices, including lights, sensors, and electronic devices LITERATURE REVIEW Figure 4: PaveGen Tiles Image credit: Google

8. Anton, S. R., & Sodano, H. A. (2007). A review of power harvesting using piezoelectric materials (2003–2006). This literature provides an insightful review of power harvesting techniques utilizing piezoelectric materials from 2003 to 2006. The study focuses on the advancements made during this period in harnessing electrical energy through the utilization of piezoelectric materials. Piezoelectric materials, with their ability to convert mechanical strain or vibrations into electrical energy, offer a promising avenue for power generation. The literature review encompasses a comprehensive examination of research conducted within the specified timeframe. The review outlines various applications of power harvesting using piezoelectric materials, including energy generation from ambient vibrations, human motion, and structural dynamics. Anton and Sodano delve into the diverse methodologies employed to enhance power harvesting efficiency, such as optimizing material properties, designing innovative structures, and utilizing advanced fabrication techniques. LITERATURE REVIEW Farouk, Amel & Abdel Gawad, Ahmed. (2015). Utilization of Human Footsteps for Power Generation. The reviewed literature highlights the efficiency and functionality of the device as a green source of power generation. It has been demonstrated to effectively generate power while exhibiting a simple design and ease of construction. The device is relatively heavy as it rests on the floor, but is considered practically useful. The research work aimed to design and test a simple device that converts the kinetic energy of the human footsteps to electrical energy.

9. A working model of Footstep Power Generation is demonstrated in this project, the basic working of this model has been presented as a block diagram (Fig.1). To implement this model four piezoelectric sensor that are connected in series to increase the voltage output, this sensor generates AC voltage which is transferred to the bridge rectifier. The output voltage from the sensor can be of two types because it produces AC voltage: Positive: When positive voltage is received then it is passed into the forward bias mode which will in turn charge the battery. Negative: When a negative voltage is received then it is transferred to the reverse bias of the bridge rectifier. This way no voltage loss is observed during a complete cycle. An additional resistor of 470 Ohm is placed in series along with a capacitor of 4.7 mF with the LED to make the glow more noticeable. METHOLOGY

10. jdj METHOLOGY Figure 5: Schematic representation of the working model Figure 6: Four piezoelectric sensors in series connection Figure 7: Proposed Circuit diagram

11. Seow , Z. L., S. T. Chen, and N. B. Khairudin . 2011.  An Investigation into Energy Generating Tiles – Pavegen . UBC Social Ecological Economic Development Studies (SEEDS) Student Report. OnScale . (2023, March 8). History of piezoelectricity. https://onscale.com/piezoelectricity/history-of-piezoelectricity/ The Switch. Energy Harvesting Tiles: Generating Power from Footsteps. https://theswitch.co.uk/energy/guides/technology/energy-harvesting-tiles Bouzidy , F. Z. 2017. Footsteps: Renewed Tiles. Ifrane , Middle Atlas region of Morocco: Al Akhawayn University. Ng, T. H., & Liao, W.-H. (2005). Sensitivity Analysis and Energy Harvesting for a Self-Powered Piezoelectric Sensor. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x05053151 Anton, S. R., & Sodano, H. A. (2007). A review of power harvesting using piezoelectric materials (2003–2006). Smart Materials and Structures, 16(3), R1-R21. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/16/3/R01 REFERENCES

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