Presentation on Poultry Farming

this include all about poultry farming , which I have learnt form the topic including extra question

1. Presentation on Poultry Farming

2. INDEX ABOUT POULTRY FARMING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BROILERS AND LAYERS INDIGENOUS BREEDS (Desi Type) EXOTIC BREEDS CHALLENGES IN POULTRY FARMING

3. ABOUT POULTRY FARMING Poultry farming: Its  the process of raising domesticated birds such as chicken, duck, turkey and geese for the purpose of getting meat and egg for food . Poultries are reared in large numbers and chickens being the most common one. Rearing of fowls (chicken), ducks, turkeys, partridges and pheasants for their egg and meat is known as POULTRY FARMING . India is the 5 th largest country in poultry producer after China, former USSR, USA and Japan. The specialized meat producing poultry birds are called broilers while the ones specialized for egg laying are known as layers. TURKEY

4. ABOUT POULTRY FARMING Poultry is the most efficient converter of low fiber food stuff (which is not good for human consumption) into highly nutritious animal protein food. Its raising is more beneficial than livestock as it is easy to raise and maintain, faster breeding and growth, short life span, requires little space and can be acclimatized to various climatic conditions, average yield is 60 eggs per year , but in better breed it is up to 240 eggs per year . In India most of the poultry is done in Haryana , West Bengal and Punjab. POULTRY FARM-> <-FOWL

5. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BROILERS AND LAYERS Differences between BROILERS and LAYERS Broilers are reared for obtaining meat Boilers yield more for meat and they grow well These develop quickly, and thus require a protein-enriched diet with adequate fat They do not need ample space or high lighting An egg laying poultry is called egger or layer Layers produce more numbers of large sized eggs These require less protein and fat These require appropriate room and lighting, particularly around the laying time BROILERS LAYERS

6. INDIGENOUS BREEDS (Desi Type) Indigenous breeds: are  well adapted to our agro-climatic conditions and are resistant to many tropical diseases and can survive and produce milk on poor feed and fodder resources . Some of these breeds are well known for their high milk and fat production. Aseel , Malay, Kadaknath, Ghagus, Chittagong, Brahma, Bursa , etc., Aseel is used in cockfighting game. Aseel and Malay were taken to Europe about 2000 years ago through middle east which gave rise to present day European breeds. The indigenous hens are Aseel, Kadaknath, Chattisgarh and Bursa . The most popular breed is Aseel . They possess the advantage of being hardy (strong) and possess natural immunity against common diseases. The disadvantages are: They are smaller in size, slow growing, lay small-sized eggs and a smaller number of eggs.

7. ANKLESHWAR The name of the breed is derived from the Ankleshwar region of district Bharuch. These birds are mainly reared by tribal communities in South Gujarat for backyard poultry farming. The estimated population in the Bharuch and Narmada districts of Gujarat, is 4,500 birds . They are maintained without vaccination and medication , and have reasonable feed efficiency as they survive on 25-30 gms of grains, scavenging and maintain excellent fertility. INDIGENOUS BREEDS (Desi Type)

8. MALAY A large bird very strong and hardy with a quarrelsome temperament. Possesses all the characteristics of a good game bird such as coloring (primarily bay, chestnut, gray, roan, palomino, black, etc.), large eyes , long mane and tail, strong, yet refined legs , high headset when in action, and low tail set . INDIGENOUS BREEDS (Desi Type)

9. ASEEL The Asil or Aseel is an Indian breed or group of breeds of game chicken . It is distributed in much of India, particularly in the states of Andhra Pradesh , Chhattisgarh and Odisha , it has been exported to several other countries. The Asil originated in the Indian subcontinent, the area that includes modern India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka it is thought to be among the oldest breeds of fighting cock . The word " Asil " is from Arabic, and means " purebred ".In India, it is a general term for all fighting breeds. INDIGENOUS BREEDS (Desi Type)

10. EXOTIC BREEDS Exotic breeds: are used for crossbreeding . Exotic means  foreign is not native . An exotic is developed somewhere and brought to an area . An indigenous bred to me place will be exotic to another place . This exotic breeds may experience difficulties due to environmental changes . White Leghorn, Rhode Island Red, Plymouth Rock (Broiler), New Hampshire, Black Minorca, etc., The White Leg horn is the most popular egg breed all over the world, because it has small sized body and therefore, it requires less feed for its maintenance. Rhode Island Red is also good egg layer and broiler (meat yielding). Cross breeds of these types have high egg yield while some are good broilers (for meat) with high nutritive value. Poultry exclusively grown for meat are called broilers , high egg yielding are called layers. The young growing birds before the attainment of sexual maturity are called growers ..

11. WHITE LEGHORN The Leghorn is a breed of chicken originating in Tuscany , in central Italy. Birds were first exported to North America in 1828 from the Tuscan port city of Livorno , on the western coast of Italy. They were initially called "Italians", but by 1865 the breed was known as "Leghorn", the traditional Anglicization of "Livorno". The breed was introduced to Britain from the United States in 1870 EXOTIC BREEDS

12. RHODE ISLAND RED The Rhode Island White is a breed of chicken originating in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. Despite their very similar names and shared place of origin, the Rhode Island White is a distinct breed from the Rhode Island Red. However, Rhode Island Reds and Whites can be bred together to create Red Sex-Link hybrid chickens. EXOTIC BREEDS

13. DISEASES IN POULTRY Procure the day old chicks, which are free from diseases from reputed hatcheries Feeds must be tested to ensure that they are free from microbial agents or toxins at periodic intervals. Storage facilities for feed ingredients/feeds must be managed in a hygienic manner. Sheds having infected flocks should be served with feed at the end of a delivery day. Always ensure the supply of clean and potable water. If necessary use appropriate sanitizers. Periodic inspection of wells, piping and tanks to ensure that water supplied is clean. Some ways to prevent diseases in poultry

14. Fowl pox The dry form of fowl pox is characterized by raised, wart-like lesions on unfeathered areas (head, legs, vent, etc.). In laying hens, infection results in a transient decline in egg production. In the wet form there are canker-like lesions in the mouth, pharynx, larynx, and trachea. The wet form may cause respiratory distress by obstructing the upper air passages. Treatment - No treatment is available. However, fowl pox is relatively slow-spreading. Thus, it is possible to vaccinate to stop an outbreak. Prevention - Fowl pox outbreaks in poultry confined to houses can be controlled by spraying to kill mosquitoes. However, if fowl pox is endemic in the area, vaccination is recommended. DISEASES IN POULTRY

15. Newcastle Disease Newcastle disease is characterized by a sudden onset of clinical signs which include hoarse chirps (in chicks), watery discharge from nostrils, laboured breathing (gasping), facial swelling, paralysis, trembling, and twisting of the neck (sign of central nervous system involvement). Mortality ranges from 10 to 80 per cent depending on the pathogenicity. Treatment - There is no specific treatment for Newcastle disease. Antibiotics can be given for 3-5 days to prevent secondary bacterial infections. For chicks, increasing the brooding temperature 5°F may help reduce losses. Prevention - Prevention programs should include vaccination, good sanitation, and implementation of a comprehensive biosecurity programme . DISEASES IN POULTRY

16. CHALLENGES IN POULTRY FARMING Lack of adequate cold storage, warehouses  is the major factor affecting poultry sector in India. Majority of the production is by unorganized sector as backyard poultry for additional income . Increasing antibiotics level in poultry products are creating long lasting harmful effects like drug resistance in people. Feed cost  and continuous efforts to get a better understanding of available alternative feed ingredients. As of right now, feed cost is probably one of the most serious challenges for the industry. POULTRY FARM ->

17. SOME QUESTIONS Q1: Name two indigenous and exotic breeds of poultry. Sol: Indigenous: Aseel, Basra Exotic: Rhode Island Red, White leghorn Q2: Name some Diseases of poultry. Sol: Fowl pox, Newcastle Disease. Q3: What are broilers and layers ? Sol:   An egg laying poultry is called layer whereas broilers are reared for obtaining meat .

18. THANK YOU By Yasshita