Presentation on Sepsis and sepsis syndrome .pptx

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by the body's extreme response to an infection, leading to systemic inflammation, tissue damage, and organ failure. It occurs when an infection triggers an overwhelming immune response, releasing inflammatory mediators into the bloodstream. Common causes include bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections. Symptoms include fever, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, confusion, and difficulty breathing. Severe sepsis can progress to septic shock, characterized by persistent hypotension despite fluid resuscitation. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics, IV fluids, and organ support are crucial to improving outcomes.

1. Sepsis

2. Specific learning objectives After the end of this presentation, students should be able to: Define the various sepsis syndromes Describe the pathophysiology of sepsis Describe the manifestations of sepsis syndromes Describe the basic management strategies

3. Source of sepsis Pneumonia Intraabdominal source- abscess, viscus perforation UTI, pyelonephritis SSTI Indwelling devices (Central line, foley’s, ECMO circuits) Gram positive accounts for 25 to 50% Gram negative 30 to 60 % Fungi : 2 to 10 %.

4. Common organisms (Microbes) : E.coli staph aureus pseudomonas enterococcus faecalis streptococcus pnemoniae klebsiella pnemoniae Acenitobacter

5. Host factors : Elderly patients, neonates Immunodeficient states Chemotherapy induced neutropenia AIDS S teroid exposure ICU stay; prolonged hospitalization Indwelling devices such as Intravascular catheter, ET tube, Foley's catheter

6. SIRS SIRS is a syndrome characterized by two or more of the following clinical criteria: 1 . Temperature >38°C or <36°C 2. Heart rate > 90 beats per min. 3. Respiratory rate > 20 breaths/min or PaCO 2 < 32mmHg 4. WBC>12,000/mm3 or <4,000/mm3or > 10% immature band forms.

7. SOFA SCORE VARIABLES

8. qSOFA for Non-ICU patients Resp rate ≥ 22 bpm Altered mentation SBP ≤ 100 mm Hg

9. Sepsis Management Bundle Includes five components: (1) Measurement of serum lactate levels (2) Collection of blood for culture before antibiotic administration (3) Administration of appropriate broad-spectrum antibiotics (4) Initiation of a 30 mL/kg crystalloid bolus for hypotension or lactate ≥4 mmol/L (5) Treatment with vasopressors for persistent hypotension or shock. Serum lactate levels should be remeasured if initial level ≥2 mmol/L.

10. Thank You