Presentation on Violence and Abuse.pptx

Presentation on Violence and Abuse

1. VIOLENCE AND ABUSE Rajeshwari Prajapati

2. What is Abuse? Defined as a violation of an individual’s human and civil rights by any other person or persons which may result in significant harm. Abuse may be: a single act or repeated acts; an act of neglect or a failure to act; multiple acts (for example, an adult may be neglected and financially abused). Abuse is about the misuse of the power and control that one person has over another. LLR Adult Safeguarding

3. Patterns of Abuse Patterns of abuse vary and include: serial abuse in which the perpetrator seeks out and ‘grooms’ individuals. Sexual abuse sometimes falls into this pattern as do some forms of financial abuse; long term abuse in the context of an ongoing family relationship such as domestic abuse between spouses or generations or persistent psychological abuse; or opportunistic abuse such as theft occurring because money or jewelry has been left lying around. LLR Adult Safeguarding

4. Location of Abuse Abuse can take place anywhere, for example: the person’s own home, whether living alone, with relatives or others; day or residential centres ; hospitals; supported housing; work settings; educational establishments; care homes; clinics; prisons; other places in the community; Abuse can happen anywhere: for example, in someone’s own home, in a public place, in hospital, in a care home or in college. It can take place when an adult lives alone or with others. LLR Adult Safeguarding

5. Use of Technology mobile phones; internet chat rooms; social networking sites; email; fraudulent websites. LLR Adult Safeguarding

6. Who might Abuse? a member of staff, owner or manager at a residential or nursing home; a professional worker such as a nurse, social worker or general practitioner (GP); a volunteer or member of a ‘community group’ such as a social club or place of worship; another service user; a spouse, partner, relative or friend; LLR Adult Safeguarding

7. a carer; a neighbor, local resident, member of the public or a stranger; a person who deliberately targets adults they perceive as vulnerable in order to exploit them. While a lot of attention is paid, for example, to targeted fraud or internet scams perpetrated by complete strangers, it is far more likely the person responsible for abuse is known to the adult and is in a position of trust and power. LLR Adult Safeguarding Who might Abuse?

8. Types of Abuse Physical Abuse Sexual Abuse Mental Mistreatment or Emotional Abuse Exploitation Neglect Self-Neglect Abandonment Financial or material abuse Hate Crime Organizational Abuse Domestic Abuse

9. Physical Abuse Is intentional bodily injury. It involves the intentional use of force that results in bodily injury, pain, or impairment. Examples: slapping, pinching, choking, kicking, shoving, or physical restraints.  Washington State Department of Social and Health Services [DSHS]

10. Signs of Physical Abuse Bruises, black eyes, welts, lacerations, and rope marks Broken bones, open wounds, cuts, punctures, untreated injuries in various stages of healing Broken eyeglasses/frames, or any physical signs of being punished or restrained Individual's report being hit, slapped, kicked, or mistreated Vulnerable adult's sudden change in behavior

11. Sexual Abuse Is nonconsensual sexual contact (any unwanted sexual contact). Examples: unwanted touching, rape, sodomy, coerced nudity, sexual explicit photographing. Washington State Department of Social and Health Services [DSHS]

12. Signs of Sexual A buse Bruises around the breasts or genital area Unexplained venereal disease or genital infections Unexplained vaginal or anal bleeding Torn, stained, or bloody underclothing An individual's report of being sexually assaulted or raped

13. Mental Mistreatment or Emotional Abuse intimidation, coercion, ridiculing, harassment, treating an adult like a child, isolating an adult from family, friends, or regular activity, use of silence to control behavior, and yelling or swearing which results in mental distress. Washington State Department of Social and Health Services [DSHS] Deliberately causing mental or emotional pain. Examples:

14. Signs of Mental M istreatment/Emotional A buse Being emotionally upset or agitated Being extremely withdrawn and non communicative or non responsive Unusual behavior usually attributed to dementia (E.g., Sucking, biting, rocking) Nervousness around certain people An individual's report of being verbally or mentally mistreated

15. Exploitation Occurs when a vulnerable adult or his/her resources or income are illegally or improperly used for another person's profit or gain. Examples: illegally withdrawing money out of another person’s account, forging checks, or stealing things out of the vulnerably adult’s house. Washington State Department of Social and Health Services [DSHS]

16. Signs of Exploitation Sudden changes in bank account or banking practice, including an unexplained withdrawal of large sums of money Adding additional names on bank signature cards Unauthorized withdrawal of funds using an ATM card Abrupt changes in a will or other financial documents Unexplained disappearance of funds or valuable possessions Bills unpaid despite the money being available to pay them

17. Signs of Exploitation Forging a signature on financial transactions or for the titles of possessions Sudden appearance of previously uninvolved relatives claiming rights to a vulnerable adult’s possessions Unexplained sudden transfer of assets to a family member or someone outside the family Providing services that are not necessary Individual's report of exploitation

18. Neglect  Occurs when a person, either through his/her action or inaction, deprives a vulnerable adult of the care necessary to maintain the vulnerable adult’s physical or mental health. Examples: not providing basic items such as food, water, clothing, a safe place to live, medicine, or health care. Neglect, or deprivation, is a type of abuse which occurs when someone has the responsibility to provide care for an individual who is unable to care for him- or herself, but fails to do so, therefore depriving them of adequate care.   Washington State Department of Social and Health Services [DSHS]

19. Neglect Neglect may include the failure to provide sufficient supervision, nourishment, or medical care, or the failure to fulfil other needs for which the victim cannot provide themselves. Neglect can lead to many long-term side effects such as: physical injuries, low self-esteem, attention disorders, violent behaviour , physical and psychological illness, and can even result death. SaferSpaces

20. Signs of Neglect Dehydration, malnutrition, untreated bed sores and poor personal hygiene Unattended or untreated health problems Hazardous or unsafe living condition ( E .g., Improper wiring, no heat or running water) Unsanitary and unclean living conditions ( E . g ., Dirt, fleas, lice on person, soiled bedding, fecal/urine smell, inadequate clothing) An individual's report of being mistreated

21. Self-Neglect  Occurs when a vulnerable adult fails to provide adequately for themselves and jeopardizes his/her well-being. Examples : vulnerable adult living in hazardous, unsafe, or unsanitary living conditions or not having enough food or water.  Washington State Department of Social and Health Services [DSHS]

22. Signs of Self-Neglect Dehydration, malnutrition, untreated or improperly attended medical conditions, and poor personal hygiene Hazardous or unsafe living conditions Unsanitary or unclean living quarters ( E .g., Animal/insect infestation, no functioning toilet, fecal or urine smell) Inappropriate and/or inadequate clothing, lack of the necessary medical aids Grossly inadequate housing or homelessness Inadequate medical care, not taking prescribed medications properly

23. Abandonment Occurs when a vulnerable adult is left without the ability to obtain necessary food, clothing, shelter or health care. Examples: deserting a vulnerable adult in a public place or leaving a vulnerable adult at home without the means of getting basic life necessities. Washington State Department of Social and Health Services [DSHS]

24. Signs of Abandonment Deserting a vulnerable adult in a public place Deserting a vulnerable adult in his/her own home or living space Individual's report of being abandoned

25. Financial and Material Abuse Financial and material abuse involves the exploitation, coercion, or unauthorized use of an adult's financial resources or property. LLR Adult Safeguarding

26. Signs of Financial or Material Abuse Recent addition of authorized signatories on financial accounts. Recent changes in deeds or property titles. New acquaintances showing sudden interest in the person's finances. Lack of control over direct payments or individualized budgets. Misleading sales tactics by door-to-door traders or cold callers. Illegal money lending activities.

27. Signs of Financial or Material Abuse Unexplained loss or misplacement of financial documents. Sudden changes in wills or other financial documents. Disparities between assets/income and living conditions. Lack of control over financial decisions or resources. Change in living conditions, such as lack of heating, clothing, or food. Inadequately explained withdrawals from accounts.

28. Hate Crime A hate crime is any incident or criminal offence that is motivated by hostility or prejudice based upon the victim’s: disability; race; religion or beliefs sexual orientation; transgender identity. LLR Adult Safeguarding

29. Hate Crime Hate crime can take many forms, including: physical attacks, such as physical assault, damage to property, offensive graffiti and arson; threat of attack, including offensive letters, abusive or obscene telephone calls, groups hanging around to intimidate and unfounded, malicious complaints; verbal abuse, insults or harassment taunting, offensive leaflets and posters, abusive gestures, dumping of rubbish outside homes or through letterboxes, and bullying at school or in the workplace.

30. Organizational Abuse Organizational abuse is the mistreatment, abuse or neglect of an adult by a regime or individuals in a setting or service where the adult lives or that they use. Such abuse violates the person’s dignity and represents a lack of respect for their human rights. LLR Adult Safeguarding

31. Signs of Organizational Abuse unnecessary or inappropriate rules and regulations; lack of stimulation or the development of individual interests; inappropriate staff behavior, such as the development of factions, misuse of drugs or alcohol, failure to respond to leadership; restriction of external contacts or opportunities to socialize.

32. Domestic Abuse Behavior is defined as abusive if it consists of any of the following: physical or sexual abuse; violent or threatening behavior; controlling or coercive behavior; economic abuse; psychological, emotional or other abuse. LLR Adult Safeguarding

33. What is Violence? The intentional use of physical power or force that often result in injury, death, psychological harm, anormal development or deprivation. WHO definition of violence : “The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment or deprivation.” SaferSpaces

34. Categories of Violence Self-directed violence refers to violent acts a person inflicts upon him- or herself, and includes self-abuse (such as self-mutilation) and suicidal behavior (including suicidal thoughts, as well as attempted and completed suicide). Interpersonal violence refers to violence inflicted by another individual or by a small group of individuals. It can be further divided into two subcategories: SaferSpaces

35. Interpersonal Violence Family and intimate partner violence – violence largely between family members and intimate partners, usually, though not exclusively, taking place in the home. This includes forms of violence such as child abuse, intimate partner violence and abuse of the elderly. Community violence – violence between individuals who are unrelated, and who may or may not know each other, generally taking place outside the home. This includes youth violence, random acts of violence, rape or sexual assault by strangers, and violence in institutional settings such as schools, workplaces, prisons and nursing homes.

36. Categories of Violence Collective violence can be defined as the instrumental use of violence by people who identify themselves as members of a group – whether this group is transitory or has a more permanent identity – against another group or set of individuals, in order to achieve political, economic or social objectives. This can manifest in a number of forms, such as genocide, repression, terrorism and organized violent crime.

37. Types of Violence Physical violence Sexual violence Psychological violence SaferSpaces

38. Physical Violence Physical violence is the intentional use of physical force, used with the potential for causing harm, injury, disability or death. This includes, but is not limited to: scratching, pushing, shoving, grabbing, biting, choking, shaking, slapping, punching, hitting, burning, use of a weapon, and use of restraint or one’s body against another person. This type of violence does not only lead to physical harm, but can also have severe negative psychological effects – for example, if a child is frequently a victim of physical violence at home, he or she can suffer from mental health problems and be traumatized as a consequence of this victimization. SaferSpaces

39. Sexual Violence Sexual violence involves a sexual act being committed or attempted against a victim who has not freely given consent, or who is unable to consent or refuse. This includes, but is not limited to: forced, alcohol/drug-facilitated or unwanted penetration, sexual touching, or non-contact acts of a sexual nature. A perpetrator forcing or coercing a victim to engage in sexual acts with a third party also qualifies as sexual violence. This type of violence can also lead to physical harm, and in most cases has severe negative psychological effects too. SaferSpaces

40. Psychological Violence Psychological violence (also referred to as emotional or mental abuse) includes verbal and non-verbal communication used with the intent to harm another person mentally or emotionally, or to exert control over another person. The impact of psychological violence can be just as significant as that of other, more physical forms of violence, as the perpetrator subjects the victim to behavior which may result in some form of psychological trauma, such as anxiety, depression or post-traumatic stress disorder. SaferSpaces

41. Psychological Violence This includes, but is not limited to: expressive aggression (e.g., humiliating and degrading), coercive control (e.g., limiting access to things or people, and excessive monitoring of a person’s whereabouts or communications), threats of physical or sexual violence, control of reproductive or sexual health, and exploitation of a person’s vulnerability

42. Cycle of Abuse The cycle of abuse was first introduced in 1979, but since then some advocates argue that the tool has become outdated , instead referring to a more updated visual aid called the power and control wheel  as a better depiction of abuse. Still, the cycle continues to resonate with many survivors and its overall message is clear—domestic violence is destructive, ongoing and relentless.  Domestic Shelters

43. References Domestic Shelters. (n.d.). What is the cycle of abuse? Retrieved from https://www.domesticshelters.org/articles/identifying-abuse/what-is-the-cycle-of-abuse LLR Adult Safeguarding. (n.d.). Abuse. Retrieved from https://www.llradultsafeguarding.co.uk/abuse/ SaferSpaces . (n.d.). What is violence? Retrieved from https://www.saferspaces.org.za/understand/entry/what-is-violence Washington State Department of Social and Health Services [DSHS]. (n.d.). Types and signs of abuse. Retrieved from https://www.dshs.wa.gov/altsa/home-and-community-services/types-and-signs-abuse