.......................PRESENTATION.pptx

Ichem

1. BLACK OILS

2. What is Black Oils? Black OIL was for the old steam up and downers cylinder lubricant, and in some instances used on some of the deck machinery for lubricating stuffing boxes

3. What is the Importance of Black Oils? It is a crucial source of energy and remains a vital component of the global oil and gas industry.

4. What is the used of Black Oils? Black oils, particularly heavy fuel oils (HFO), are widely used as the primary fuel for the propulsion and operation of large marine engines.

5. What are the different types of Black Oils? Crude Oil Furnace Oil Fuel Oil Tar Asphalt

6. What are the characteristics of Black Oils? Color and Appearance: As the name suggests, black oil has a dark, opaque color. This coloration is primarily due to its high concentration of heavy hydrocarbons and asphaltenes. Viscosity: Black oil typically has a high viscosity, making it thicker and more resistant to flow compared to lighter oils. This characteristic can complicate its extraction, transportation, and refining.

7. What are the characteristics of Black Oils? Hydrocarbon Composition: It is mainly composed of hydrocarbons, specifically alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. The heavy molecular weight of these components contributes to its thickness and energy content. Sulfur Content: Black oil often contains higher levels of sulfur compared to lighter oils. This sulfur content can lead to higher emissions of sulfur oxides (SOx) when burned, making it less environmentally friendly.

8. What are the characteristics of Black Oils? Boiling Range: Black oil has a broader boiling range due to its complex mixture of heavier hydrocarbons, which can affect its distillation process during refining. Uses: Due to its characteristics, black oil is often used in heavy fuel applications, road construction (asphalt), and other industrial processes.

9. INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT OF BLACK OILS Carbon black feedstock REFINED PRODUCT OF BLACK OILS Light fuel oil, no. 4

10. INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT OF BLACK OILS Fuel Oil Component REFINED PRODUCT OF BLACK OILS 220' Fuel Oil

11. INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT OF BLACK OILS Long residue REFINED PRODUCT OF BLACK OILS Low-sulphur fuel oil

12. INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT OF BLACK OILS Bitumen REFINED PRODUCT OF BLACK OILS Distillate marine fuel

13. INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT OF BLACK OILS Heavy fuel oil REFINED PRODUCT OF BLACK OILS Medium fuel oil

14. INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT OF BLACK OILS Road oil REFINED PRODUCT OF BLACK OILS Fuel Oil

15. INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT OF BLACK OILS Paraffin waxy distillate REFINED PRODUCT OF BLACK OILS Marine diesel

16. INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT OF BLACK OILS Bright stock slack wax

17. INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT OF BLACK OILS Heavy spindle oil slack wax

18. Waxy lubricating oil distillate (WLD) Neutralised napththenic distillate (NND) Un- neutralised napththenic distillate (UND) Naphthenic SO₂ refined (NSR) Naphthenic spindle oil distillate INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT OF BLACK OILS REFINED PRODUCT OF BLACK OILS Naphthenic cylinder oil distillate High viscosity index (HVI) Medium viscosity index (MVI) Low viscosity index (LVI)

19. LUBRICANTING OIL

20. Learning Objectives 1 Understanding the Importance of lubricant oil . 2 Identify the different types of lubricant oil . 3 Describe the characteristics of lubricant .

21. What is lubricanting oil? Why it is so important ? Lubricant oil is a fluid substance, typically a petroleum-based oil, that reduces friction between moving parts in machinery.

22. Why it is so important ? - Lubricants reduce friction between moving parts, minimizing wear and tear - They dissipate heat, preventing overheating and damage. - They protect against corrosion and contamination. - They enhance efficiency and extend the lifespan of machinery.

23. Types of lubricant oil 1. Mineral Oil: Derived from crude oil, widely used and cost-effective. 2. Synthetic Oil: Engineered for specific applications, offering superior performance. 3. Semi -Synthetic Oil: A blend of mineral and synthetic oils, balancing cost and performance. 4. Bio- Based Oil: Made from renewable sources, environmentally friendly.

24. Key Properties of Lubricant Oil Viscosity: Resistance to flow, crucial for proper lubrication. Pour Point: The lowest temperature at which the oil will flow. Flash Point: The temperature at which the oil vaporizes. Additives: Enhance performance, such as anti-wear agents, anti-oxidants, and detergents.

25. Applications of Lubricant Oil - Car engine - Industrial machinery - Aerospace components - Food processing equipment

26. Maintenance and Disposal Maintenance and Disposal Replace oil according to manufacturer recommendations. Dispose of used oil responsibly, following environmental regulations.

27. Thank you! I hope you learn something new today