Presentation _ protection nuclear power.pptx

nuclear engineering

1. 2023 Physical protection systems for nuclear power facilities “Key function of a physical protection systems” Name : Guntur Sodikin

2. 2 KEY FUNCTIONS OF A PHYSICAL PROTECTION SYSTEM A PPS (A Physical Protection System) is an integrated system of detection, delay and response measures, and should be effective against both unauthorized removal and sabotage. It should comprise people, procedures and equipment to provide defense in depth, with a graded approach, to address the range of threats identified in the applicable threat statement and to protect against both unauthorized removal and sabotage. Guidance on threat assessment and design basis threat is provided in IAEA Nuclear Security Series No. 10‑G (Rev. 1), National Nuclear Security Threat Assessment, Design Basis Threats and Representative Threat Statements & IAEA Nuclear Security Series No. 40-T. INTRODUCTION

3. 3 INTRODUCTION A PPS includes interior and exterior intrusion detection sensors, cameras for assessment, delay measures, access control devices and response measures. A PPS normally has several automated subsystems designed to pass information and video images to a central alarm station (CAS), where they can be used by operators as a basis to respond appropriately. The PPS should also include a secure means for CAS operators to communicate with on‑site and off‑site response forces and for guards to communicate with each other and the CAS. The PPS integrates all physical protection measures and subsystems, but subsystems may be integrated together within the PPS, for example the intrusion detection system may be integrated with the access control system.

4. 4 KEY FUNCTIONS OF A PHYSICAL PROTECTION SYSTEM: DETERRENCE Deterrence is achieved if potential adversaries regard a facility as an unattractive target and decide not to attack it because they estimate that their probability of success is too low or the risks for themselves are too high. Sanctions for unauthorized removal or sabotage should be part of the State’s legislative or regulatory system to deter an adversary from attempting these acts. Maintaining confidentiality of sensitive information about the PPS might deter adversaries by denying them key information that could help them to attempt unauthorized removal or sabotage. An insider might compromise such information, either intentionally or unwittingly, possibly without the knowledge of the operator. A trustworthiness programme might mitigate risks associated with the insider threat. Enforcing the two‑person rule for entry into an inner area or vital area can be a deterrent as well as an aid to detecting unauthorized removal or sabotage.

5. 5 KEY FUNCTIONS OF A PHYSICAL PROTECTION SYSTEM: DETERRENCE Other measures that may enhance deterrence at a facility include the following: A well lit security area with a PPS might provide an impression of high security readiness at a facility and act as a deterrent to a potential adversary. PPS designers can also consider the methodology behind ‘crime prevention through environmental design’. The strategic use of guards and response forces might also contribute to deterrence. For example, a nuclear facility might receive information about a planned peaceful protest on a particular day. Because adversaries could exploit peaceful protests to conceal or divert attention from a malicious act, the operator can deploy extra guards or response forces to act as a deterrent and to provide additional detection, delay and response capabilities. Random patrols by guards and response forces, both within and outside the limited access areas of a nuclear facility can enhance deterrence. In addition, the use of random searches, hardened guard positions, guard towers and armoured on‑site response vehicles can also contribute to deterrence.

6. 6 KEY FUNCTIONS OF A PHYSICAL PROTECTION SYSTEM: DETECTION Detection is a process in a PPS that begins with sensing a potentially malicious or otherwise unauthorized act and that is completed with the assessment of the cause of the alarm. The aim is for detection to occur as early as possible. Detection begins with the activation of sensors, or the identification of unauthorized persons or prohibited items through access control measures, or the reporting of suspicious incidents by guards or other personnel. It ends when the initial information has been assessed and determined to be genuinely indicative of malicious activity. Intrusion sensing, Alarm communication, Alarm Assessment, Entry Control.

7. 7 KEY FUNCTIONS OF A PHYSICAL PROTECTION SYSTEM: DELAY Delay is the function of the PPS that seeks to slow an adversary’s progress towards a target, thereby providing more time for effective response. While delay can occur before detection, only delay that occurs after the first detection of an adversary’s act will assist with response. Delay is normally provided by physical barriers, but can also be provided or augmented by guards or response forces. All barriers can eventually be defeated, but the delay function is intended to provide time for response measures to be initiated before the adversary completes the malicious act. Passive barriers : A passive barrier is for instance a fence or dyke. Active barriers : Active barriers are typically used at access control points where individuals or vehicles are checked for credentials to enter.

8. 8 KEY FUNCTIONS OF A PHYSICAL PROTECTION SYSTEM: RESPONSE Response is the function of the PPS that seeks to interrupt and neutralize an adversary to prevent the completion of any malicious act. Communication systems between the CAS (a central alarm station), guards, response forces and facility managers should be dedicated, secure, redundant and diverse, immediate and reliable. CAS personnel should also effectively communicate with, and provide situational awareness to, other organizations such as emergency response organizations and PPS maintenance organizations. CAS communications are used to initiate a response and provide information to personnel assigned command and control functions during a response to nuclear security events. Interruption: Communication to response force and Deployment of response force. Neutralization : Tactics, Training.

9. 9 Types of Security Area

10. 10 Typical components of a perimeter intrusion detection system

11. 11 CONCLUSION The purpose of a PPS is to prevent and protect against unauthorized removal of nuclear material and sabotage of nuclear material and nuclear facilities. It achieves this using the functions of detection (sensing and assessment), delay and response. These main functions and their interaction are presented in detail in this section. Key Functions of A Physical Protection System: Deterrence, Detection, Delay and Response.

12. 12 Assignment Please answer the question below: What is a physical protection system? Why is nuclear security important to your facility? What are the functions of physical protection system? What are the examples of physical barriers?

13. 13 Thank You