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1. M.SC. Thesis Seminar Presented by Yossra Ibrahim Hassan EL- Gazzar Under Supervision of Prof . Dr. Mohamed Ismail Serag Dr. Muhammad S. El- Feky

2. The Effect of Nano Silica on Properties of Concrete Subjected to Aggressive Environment

3. The Effect of Nano Silica on Properties of Concrete Subjected to Aggressive Environment 1.Introduction 2.LITERATURE REVIEW 3.EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM 4.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5.CONCLUSIONS 6.RECOMMENDATIONS

4. The Effect of Nano Silica on Properties of Concrete Subjected to Aggressive Environment Introduction

5. 1.INTRODUCTION

6. 1.INTRODUCTION ( NANO TECHNOLOGY ) Recently, NANOTECHNOLOGY has attracted considerable scientific interest due to the NEW POTENTIAL uses of particles in nanometer scale ( less than 100 nm ). CONCRETE : is a micro material influenced with its nano properties.

7. 1.INTRODUCTION ( NANO TECHNOLOGY) Benefits Of Nano Silica

8. 1.INTRODUCTION Objectives Studying the effect of nano silica on properties of concrete subjected to aggressive environment . scope of the work Percentages of nano silica ( 0 ,1.5 and 3%). Using different solutions(seawater, acidic and sulphate ) after curing 28 days submerged in water. perform compressive strength test as a long time after 28, 60 and 90 days

9. The Effects of Nano Silica on Properties of Concrete Subjected to Aggressive Environment Literature Review

10. 2-Literature Review The Effect Nano Silica on Compressive Strength of Concrete Exposed to Aggressive Environment saloma (2015) Investigate the comparison between the development of compressive strength of concrete with nano silica and that without nano silica and determinate the resistance of the nanomaterial concrete to sulfate attack of concrete. The percentage of nano silica that mixed with cement was 10% of the cement weight . results of concrete compressive strength at 28 days gave a maximum compressive strength.

11. 2- LITERATURE REVIEW Yinfang fan (2015 ) Explores the effect of calcined nano -kaolinite clay (NKC) on cement mortar, when exposed to an acidic environment . Ordinary Portland cement was partially substituted with KNC in rations of 0%, 1% , 3% ,and 5% by weight . The cubes were cured in water for 28 days then submerged in the acidic solution for 20 , 40 ,and 60 days . The optimum dosage of NKC appears to be less than 3% by weight.

12. 2-Literature Review AhmetBenli (2017) investigated the mechanical properties of self-compacting mortars containing silica fume (SF) and fly ash (FA) immersed in seawater and 10% magnesium sulfate solution . The percentage of fly ash were 10 %, 20%, and 30% replacing by weight of Portland cement and 6%, 9%, 12% and 15% by weight of silica fume (SF) were prepared. The optimum percentage was FA 10% has the best resistance in seawater.

13. 2-Literature Review Hasan Sahan Arel (2017 ) Investigated the effect of micro silica, nano silica, fly ash, metakaolin on durability and mechanical properties of mortars exposed to sulfate attack . the result founded that the optimum percentage of N.S was 4%, M.S was 5%, MK was 15%, fly ash was 30 %.

14. The Effect of Nano Silica on Properties of Concrete Subjected to Aggressive Environment Experimental program

15. 3.EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM PLAN OF WORK A total of 108 specimens were casted in order to achieve the required objectives Nano silica 1.5% 3% 0% Hardened properties Fresh properties workability Water curing Attack solution Mechanical properties Micro structure Statistical program

16. 3 .EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM

17. 3 .EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM CHARACTERIZATION OF USED MATERIALS Ordinary Portland Cement Element SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 CaO MgO SO 3 Na 2 O K 2 O L.O.I Cement 20.13 5.32 3.61 61.63 2.39 2.87 0.37 0.13 1.96 Property Result Compressive strength (3-days) 156.6 kg/cm 2 Compressive strength (7-days) 195.7 kg/cm 2 Element SiO 2 Fe 2 O 3 Al 2 O 3 MgO CaO Na 2 O P 2 O 5 NS 61.24 1 .06 20.89 0.11 0.14 0.40 0.01 Nano Silica

18. 3 .EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM CHARACTERIZATION OF USED MATERIALS A ttack Solutions Sea water ( S uez Canal). HCL solution with concentration 0.05litter/1litter water. S ulphate solution with concentration 9 gm/1litter water. Mixed aggregate

19. 1.sonication 2.mixing 3.EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM MIXING SEQUENCE 2 min. dry (cement + aggregate) 1.5 min. (water+ N.S.) 1.5 min. (water+ S.P.) 5 mins for (1.5% & 3%) Bath Sonicator Concrete Mixer

20. 3.EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM Mixing Design Mixtures components (Kg) per 1 m3 MIX(A) CEMENT AGGREGATE WATER S.P. N.S. COARS FINE   MIX 0 450 1088 586 202.5 2.7 MIX 1 446.625 1088 586 202.5 2.7 3.375 MIX 2 436.5 1088 586 202.5 2.7 6.75

21. 3.EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM Concrete Fresh Properties Workability Stage 1 stage 2 Slump Test

22. 3.EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM Concrete Hardened Properties Compressive Strength A total of 108 cubes (100*100*100 mm3) were prepared to perform compressive strength test after 28 days as per ASTM C 39. Each mix consisted of 36 cubes; first all cubes were cured 28 days in water ,then 27 cubes were in attack solution (seawater, HCL and sulphate ) . All cubes performed compressive strength test after 28, 60 and 90 days.

23. 3.EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM MICRO STRUCTUE ANALYSIS QUANTA FEG 250 scanning electron microscope used for analysis.

24. The Effect of Nano Silica on Properties of Concrete Subjected to Aggressive Environment reSULTS & DISCUSSION

25. 4.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Fresh Concrete Properties Workability Slump of the Mixes

26. 4 .RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Fresh Concrete Properties Behavior of Nano Silica Concrete in t he Fresh State Agglomeration of nano silica and its filling effect in concrete Kong, D.; Su, Y.; Du, X.; Yang, Y.; Wei, S. and Shah, S.P., 2013, ''Influence of Nano-Silica Agglomeration on Fresh Properties of Cement Pastes''. Construction and Building Materials 43 (2013) (557–562).

27. 4.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Fresh Concrete Properties Behavior Of Nano Silica Concrete In The Fresh State Rolling effect of nano silica in concrete

28. 4.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION MICRO STRUCTURE ANALYSIS micro structure of control mix

29. 4.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION mico structure analysis micro structure of 3% nano silica concrete mix

30. 4.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Hardened Concrete Properties water

31. 4.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Hardened Concrete Properties seawater

32. 1.5%

33. 1.5%

34. 1.5%

35. 4.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Hardened Concrete Properties HCL Solution

36. 1.5%

37. 1.5%

38. 1.5%

39. 4.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Hardened Concrete Properties Sulphate Solution

40. 1.5%

41. 1.5%

42. 1.5%

43. 4.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistical analysis (JMP program)

44. 4.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

45. Statistical analysis outcomes Prediction expression for compressive strength (in water)  

46. Statistical analysis outcomes Actual and predicted values of compressive strength

47. Statistical analysis outcomes Compressive Response strength Whole Model Actual by Predicted Plot

48. Statistical analysis outcomes Prediction profile

49. Statistical analysis outcomes Prediction expression for compressive strength (in seawater)  

50. Statistical analysis outcomes Actual and predicted values of compressive strength Pattern N.S% time actual Predicted 11 28 33.6 33.1 12 60 31.8 32.21667 13 90 27 28.13333 21 1.5 28 34 35 22 1.5 60 34.6 33.76667 23 1.5 90 39.7 37.43333 31 3 28 37.4 36.9 32 3 60 34.9 35.31667 33 3 90 45.6 46.73333

51. Statistical analysis outcomes Compressive Response strength Whole Model Actual by Predicted Plot

52. Statistical analysis outcomes Prediction profile

53. Statistical analysis outcomes Prediction expression for compressive strength (in HCL)  

54. Statistical analysis outcomes Actual and predicted values of compressive strength Pattern N.S% time actual Predicted 11 28 29.1 30.03333 12 60 24.9 24.65 13 90 22.2 23.8 21 1.5 28 30.6 28.73333 22 1.5 60 28.7 29.2 23 1.5 90 33.9 30.7 31 3 28 26.5 27.43333 32 3 60 34 33.75 33 3 90 36 37.6

55. Statistical analysis outcomes Compressive Response strength Whole Model Actual by Predicted Plot

56. Statistical analysis outcomes Prediction profile

57. Statistical analysis outcomes Prediction expression for compressive strength (in s ulphate solution)  

58. Statistical analysis outcomes Actual and predicted values of compressive strength Pattern N.S% time actual Predicted 11 28 33.8 34.03333 12 60 32.9 32.75 13 90 29.7 29.8 21 1.5 28 35.1 34.63333 22 1.5 60 31.5 31.8 23 1.5 90 29.9 29.7 31 3 28 35 35.23333 32 3 60 31 30.85 33 3 90 29.5 29.6

59. Statistical analysis outcomes Compressive Response strength Whole Model Actual by Predicted Plot

60. Statistical analysis outcomes Prediction profile

61. Statistical analysis outcomes Prediction expression for compressive strength (in water)  

62. Statistical analysis outcomes Actual and predicted values of compressive strength Pattern N.S% time actual Predicted 11 28 37.7 37.12199 12 60 38.8 38.08677 13 90 39.6 38.99124 21 1.5 28 39.9 41.18708 22 1.5 60 41.1 42.25559 23 1.5 90 41.9 43.25733 31 3 28 45.8 45.25216 32 3 60 47.2 46.42442 33 3 90 48.1 47.52342

63. Statistical analysis outcomes Compressive Response strength Whole Model Actual by Predicted Plot

64. Statistical analysis outcomes Contour Plot for Predicted compressive strength

65. Statistical analysis outcomes Prediction profile

66. Statistical analysis outcomes Prediction expression for compressive strength (in seawater)  

67. Statistical analysis outcomes Actual and predicted values of compressive strength Pattern N.S% time actual Predicted 11 28 33.6 33.64178 12 60 31.8 31.09698 13 90 27 28.71123 21 1.5 28 34 34.1973 22 1.5 60 34.6 35.42559 23 1.5 90 39.7 36.57712 31 3 28 37.4 34.75281 32 3 60 34.9 39.7542 33 3 90 45.6 44.443

68. Statistical analysis outcomes Compressive Response strength Whole Model Actual by Predicted Plot

69. Statistical analysis outcomes Contour Plot for Predicted compressive strength

70. Statistical analysis outcomes Prediction profile

71. Statistical analysis outcomes Prediction expression for compressive strength (in HCL solution)  

72. Statistical analysis outcomes Actual and predicted values of compressive strength Pattern N.S% time actual Predicted 11 28 29.1 28.85112 12 60 24.9 25.59324 13 90 22.2 22.53897 21 1.5 28 30.6 29.5239 22 1.5 60 28.7 30.56616 23 1.5 90 33.9 31.54327 31 3 28 26.5 30.19668 32 3 60 43 35.53908 33 3 90 36 40.54757

73. Statistical analysis outcomes Compressive Response strength Whole Model Actual by Predicted Plot

74. Statistical analysis outcomes Contour Plot for Predicted compressive strength

75. Statistical analysis outcomes Prediction profile

76. Statistical analysis outcomes Prediction expression for compressive strength (in sulphate solution)  

77. Statistical analysis outcomes Actual and predicted values of compressive strength Pattern N.S% Time actual Predicted 11 28 33.8 34.32408 12 60 32.9 32.14913 13 90 29.7 30.11012 21 1.5 28 35.1 34.54075 22 1.5 60 31.5 31.99133 23 1.5 90 29.9 29.60125 31 3 28 35 34.75743 32 3 60 31 31.83353 33 3 90 29.5 29.09237

78. Statistical analysis outcomes Compressive Response strength Whole Model Actual by Predicted Plot

79. Statistical analysis outcomes Contour Plot for Predicted compressive strength

80. Statistical analysis outcomes Prediction profile

81. The Effect of Nano Silica on Properties of Concrete Subjected to Aggressive Environment conclusions

82. 5-conclusions FRESH CONCRETE PROPERTIES Workability Increasing Nano Silica Percentage over 1.5% decreased the workability of the concrete. The Workability decreases 52% using 3 % Nano silica . Superplasiticizer percentage should be increased with the increase of Nano silica percentage.

83. 5-conclusions MECHANICAL CONCRETE PROPERTIES Compressive Strength (0,1.5 and 3)% Nano silica 1- water The Addition of Nano Silica Increased the compressive strength of concrete. The gain in compressive strength with 1.5% N.S was 6%. The gain in compressive strength with 3 % N.S was 21%. The optimum value of cubes submerged in water was 3% .

84. 5-conclusions MECHANICAL CONCRETE PROPERTIES Compressive Strength (0,1.5 and 3)% Nano silica 2- sea water The gain in compressive strength with 1.5% N.S was ( 1% , 9% and 47% ) after (28 , 60 and 90 days) , respectively . The gain in compressive strength with 3 % N.S was ( 11 % , 13% and 69% ) after (28 , 60 and 90 days) , respectively. the compressive strength in seawater after 28 days with 3% N.S equal to the compressive strength curing in water after 28 days without N.S. The optimum percentage of cubes submerged in seawater was 3% N.S after 90 days with gain 69% .

85. 5-conclusions MECHANICAL CONCRETE PROPERTIES Compressive Strength (0,1.5 and 3)% Nano silica 3 - HCL solution The gain in compressive strength with 1.5% N.S was ( 21% , 15% and 53% ) after (28 , 60 and 90 days ) , respectively . The gain in compressive strength with 3 % N.S was ( 37% and 62%) after ( 60 and 90 days) , respectively but after 28 days occurred losses 9 %. the compressive strength in HCL solution after 90 days with 3% N.S was lose only 9% compered with the compressive strength curing in water after 90 days without N.S. The optimum percentage of cubes submerged in HCL solution was 3% N.S after 90 days with gain 62%.

86. 5-conclusions MECHANICAL CONCRETE PROPERTIES Compressive Strength (0,1.5 and 3)% Nano silica 4- sulphate Solution The gain in compressive strength with 1.5% N.S was ( 4% and 25%) after (28 and 90 days) , respectively but occure losses 4% at 60 days . The gain in compressive strength with 3 % N.S was ( 4 % and 23% ) after ( 28 and 90 days) , respectively but at 60 days occurred losses 6%. the compressive strength in sulphate solution after 90 days with 1.5% N.S was lose only 6% compered with the compressive strength curing in water after 90 days without N.S. The optimum percentage of cubes submerged in sulphate solution was 1.5% N.S after 90 days with gain 25% .

87. The Effect of Nano Silica on Properties of Concrete Subjected to Aggressive Environment recommendations

88. 6-RECOMMENDATIONS T he effect of nano silica on properties of reinforced concrete subjected to aggressive environment. Study the effect of higher percentages of Nano silica o n properties of concrete exposed to aggressive environment. Study the effect of Nano silica on properties of concrete exposed to aggressive environment after long time more than three months. Using composite nano materials to study the properties of concrete such as nano silica with nano clay. Using another attack solution to study the properties of concrete such as sulfuric acid.

89. Thank you