Presentation1 (1). [163].pptx amit.pptx

Metal halide perovskite

1. A SHORT-REVIEW ON METAL HALIDE PEROVSKITE MICROCRYSTALS: GROWTH , PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS Amit Kanti Dhar Reg No : 22012027 Roll No : 22012027 Department of Physics, Comilla University 1

2. Presentation outline Introduction Objectives Methodology Applications Recent Works Conclusion References 2

3. Introduction Metal halide perovskites, with crystal formula ABX3 (A = CH 3 NH 3 (MA), CH(NH 2 ) 2 (FA), Cs; B = Pb, Sn; X = Cl, Br, I), possess rich chemical and structural diversities and have attracted extensive research attention as emerging photovoltaic materials. If any one of the dimensions i.e.(length, Dia, thickness etc.) is of the order equal to 5 Micrometer (or) If a grain size in a material is of the order of equal to 5 Micrometer is known as micro material. The expansion of optical process research beyond microstructured perovskites is also discussed as an exciting new development. Attracted huge attention by researcher due to their remarkable material properties such as Simple and low-cost fabrication Large optical absorption co-efficient High Photoluminescence quantum yield High optical gain Defect tolerant photo physics etc. 3

4. All materials with the same materials with the same crystal structure CaTiO 3 namely ABX 3 are termed perovskites. The perovskite Lattice Demonstrated in the Figure as many structure as Crystallography, it can be represented as multiple ways. The simplest way to think about a perovskite is as a large atomic or molecular cation of type B in the center of a cube. The corners of the cube are then occupied by atoms A and the faces of the cube are occupied by the smaller atom X with negative charge . 4

5. Objectives Investigation of the crystal structure and growth of the metal halide perovskite for microcrystals. Studying of MHP t o keep up with the latest developments and guide researchers toward the simplest approach of constructing stable, highly efficient devices. Analysis of structural properties of various type of micro structured metal halide perovskites. Studying of the various optical functions ( Simple and low-cost fabrication, large optical absorption co-efficient , high photoluminescence quantum yield ,high optical gain ,Defect tolerant photo physics, tunable bandgap etc. ) Analysis of the potentiality of various optoelectronic device applications. 5

6. Methodology Solid state synthesis - Solid-state synthesis is a common method for creating perovskite oxides by pressing sheets of a uniform mixture of two or more types of metal salts. This substance may be obtained by grinding a sample that has previously been subjected to a high-temperature calcination process. 6

7. 2. Chemical Vapor Deposition(CVD) Method- CVD is a method to form thin films by chemical reaction on the surface of substrates by using one or more gaseous compounds or elemental substances containing thin-film elements. CVD is a crucial material preparation method, which plays an essential role in precious metal thin films and coatings CVD is utilized for producing composite material films and infiltrating fabric in the production of different micromaterials. Specially in Metal Halide Perovskite Microcrystals. It is very widely used to synthesized perovskite metals. In order to optimize the materials' characteristics, the CVD method requires taking into account a number of growth factors, which is a key downside of the method. Besides the growth temperature, other critical factors, including the physiochemical characteristics of the precursor materials such as atomic mass, melting point, vapor pressure, etc., also play crucial roles in the CVD growth. Fig. shows Overall morphologies of perovskite microstructures on mica substrates. (a) One-step experimental setup used for the synthesis of perovskite microstructures. (b–d) Low-magnification SEM image of CsPbBr3 microwires (∼380°C), microplates (∼340 °C) and triangular pyramids (∼300 °C). 7

8. Applications 1. Solar cells - A perovskite solar cell (PSC) has an active layer consisting of a perovskite-structured compound, commonly a lead- or tin-halide-based hybrid. Easy-to-make perovskite materials include methylammonium lead halides and inorganic cesium lead halides . Solar cell efficiency has increased from 3.8% in 2009 to 25.7% in 2021 and to 29.8% in silicon-based tandem cells, which is higher than single-junction silicon solar cells. 2016 saw the highest advances in perovskite solar cells. Perovskite solar cells could be more efficient and cost less to build, which is beneficial for business. Their stability in the short and long term is a major concern. 8

9. 2. Leds – Recent studies on metal halide perovskites have revealed encouraging optoelectronic features that make them excellent candidates for light-emitting applications . In recent years, perovskite light-emitting diodes (Pe-LEDs) have seen tremendous advancement in technology, with some models reaching external quantum efficiencies of over 20%. The pc-LEDs (phosphor-converted LEDs) derived from the MHPs may produce up to 140% of the NTSC color standard (NTSC). Due to high band gap and excellent opto-electronic properties microcrystals are showing very efficient in future works. 9

10. 3. Photodetectors - Imaging systems, optical communications, environmental monitoring, and biological sensing are just a few of the many commercial and scientific applications that rely on photodetectors (PDs) to convert incoming light into electrical signals . traditional PDs have a number of limitations that prevent them from being widely used. These include their complicated production, high cost, and mechanical inflexibility. Due to their compatibility with the straightforward, low-cost, large-area, and adaptable production method, low-temperature solution-processed semiconductors such as organic semiconductors, nanomaterials, micromaterials, and quantum dots are a promising new class of photoactive materials . Therefore, in recent years, perovskite solar cells power conversion efficiency has increased from 3.8% to 23.3%. To boost the perovskite PDs' efficiency, device-engineering techniques are also being used 10

11. 4. Laser Application - Metal halide perovskites are an emerging class of semiconducting materials that have drawn tremendous attention due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties, along with their low-cost solution processability, wide wavelength tunability, and broad substrate compatibility. Taking advantage of the rapid development of perovskite photovoltaic and light-emitting devices, the interest in using hybrid perovskite materials for lasers has grown rapidly. compared with organic semiconductor gain media, perovskites have a higher charge carrier mobility which is important to realize electrically pumped lasers. Thus, metal halide perovskites have the potential to realize both optically and electrically pumped lasers in various device platforms. In the last few years, there have been several reviews that are mainly focused on the developments of Metal halide perovskite micro materials and the cavity structures for laser applications. 11

12. Recent Works Having a good crystal structure and high optical structures the research community is very optimist about the future development of metal halide perovskite microcrystals. Here are some points that can be helpful to utilize the header Title - In 2016 , Jia et al. demonstrated metal-clad perovskite DFB laser pumped with an InGaN diode laser . In 2017 ,Niu et al. reported patterned-perovskite-based van der Waals solids by growing perovskite on the inorganic monolayers made of 2D materials, such as graphene, h-BN and MoS2, and investigated the influence of monolayer beneath the perovskite on the optical properties of the van der Waals Solids. In 2020 , Wu et al. constructed patterned perovskite single-crystal microarrays via an Ostwald-ripening-assisted photolithography (ORAP) method. Alias et al. applied FIB technique to pattern perovskite for the first time and introduced gas-assisted FIB etching to optimize the etching rate and thus to improve the morphology of the milled region. 12

13. Conclusion In terms of both material production and device performance, perovskites have seen a rapid and substantial evolution in recent years. Many products made with perovskite, like solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and microlasers, now work much better. All of these developments have highlighted the hopeful future of this intriguing material in both all-perovskite and hybrid photonic circuits. This new material has great properties that could change the way on-chip integrated photonic circuits work. For example, it has a high refractive index, a huge optical gain, and a lot of nonlinearity . Despite the advances made in the study of micro structured perovskites, there is still much opportunity for improvement 13

14. References K. Wang, G. Xing, Q. Song, and S. Xiao, “Micro- and Nanostructured Lead Halide Perovskites: From Materials to Integrations and Devices,” Adv. Mater. , vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 1–19, 2021, doi : 10.1002/adma.202000306. Y. Duan, D. Y. Wang, and R. D. Costa, “Recent Progress on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Metal Halide Perovskites@Metal Oxide,” Adv. Funct . Mater. , vol. 31, no. 49, 2021, doi : 10.1002/adfm.202104634. W. Zhu, J. Chang, C. Zhang, J. Zhang, and Y. Hao, “Microstructure Engineering of Metal-Halide Perovskite Films for Efficient Solar Cells,” Emerg . Sol. Energy Mater. , 2018, doi : 10.5772/intechopen.74225. H. Zhou et al. , “Self-Powered All-Inorganic Perovskite Microcrystal Photodetectors with High Detectivity,” J. Phys. Chem. Lett. , vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 2043–2048, 2018, doi : 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00700. Y. Li et al. , “Highly Stable Perovskite Photodetector Based on Vapor-Processed Micrometer-Scale CsPbBr3 Microplatelets ,” Chem. Mater. , vol. 30, no. 19, pp. 6744–6755, 2018, doi : 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b02435. Y. Wang, M. L. Gao, J. L. Wu, and X. W. Zhang, “Metal halide perovskite photodetectors: Material features and device engineering,” Chinese Phys. B , vol. 28, no. 1, 2019, doi : 10.1088/1674-1056/28/1/018502. X. Li et al. , “Solution-Processed Perovskite Microdisk for Coherent Light Emission,” Adv. Opt. Mater. , vol. 7, no. 19, pp. 1–9, 2019, doi : 10.1002/adom.201900678. 14