Presentation1biologypptofplanthormones.pptx

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1. Plant Hormones: Types and functions BRAINWARE UNIVERSITY BARASAT , KOLKATA(700125) NAME : RAJEEV RANJAN STUDENT CODE : BWU/BTD/23/292 COURSE NAME : Biology for Engineers PROGRAMME NAME : B.Tech CSE(DS) COURSE CODE : BSCD203

2. Contents Introduction Types of Plant Hormones Functions of Hormones Application Of Plant Hormones Conclusion

3. Introduction to Plant Hormones Plant hormones, also known as phytohormones, are chemical substances that play a pivotal role in controlling and regulating the growth and developmental processes of plants. Unlike animals, plants cannot move to adapt to their environment; instead, they rely on these hormones to respond to various internal and external stimuli. These hormones are instrumental in everything from seed germination, stem elongation, leaf growth, and flower development to fruit ripening and senescence. Understanding the functions and types of plant hormones not only provides insight into the intricate workings of plant biology but also equips us with tools for enhancing agricultural productivity and managing plant growth in horticulture.

4. Types of Plant Hormones Plant hormones are categorized based on their functions and the responses they evoke in plant cells and tissues. The primary plant hormones include: Auxins : Involved in cell elongation, apical dominance, and root development. Cytokinins : Promote cell division, leaf enlargement, and delay leaf senescence. Gibberellins : Stimulate stem growth, seed germination, and flowering. Abscisic Acid (ABA) : Regulates stomatal closure, seed dormancy, and drought tolerance. Ethylene : Influences fruit ripening, leaf abscission, and response to stress conditions. Each of these hormones interacts in a complex network, delicately balancing the growth and development of plants.

5. Functions of Auxins and Cytokinins Auxins Cell Elongation: Auxins promote elongation in plant cells, influencing the shape and structure of the plant. Apical Dominance: They help maintain apical dominance, suppressing the growth of lateral buds in favor of the apex. Root Development: Auxins stimulate root initiation and branching, vital for plant anchorage and nutrient absorption. Example: Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a naturally occurring auxin that directs plant organ development. Cytokinins Cell Division: Cytokinins encourage cell division, which leads to plant growth and the formation of new organs. Leaf Growth: They play a role in leaf expansion and can delay the aging of leaves, keeping them green for longer. Chloroplast Formation: Cytokinins affect the development of chloroplasts, which are essential for photosynthesis. Example: Kinetin is a type of cytokinin used in tissue culture to stimulate cell division and shoot formation.

6. Functions of Gibberellins and Abscisic Acid Gibberellins Stem Growth : Gibberellins stimulate stem elongation, particularly in the internodes between leaves. Seed Germination : They promote seed germination and seedling growth by breaking dormancy and initiating biochemical changes. Flowering : Gibberellins play a role in the development of flowers, particularly in longer-day plants. Example : Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a widely used gibberellin that stimulates plant growth and development in agriculture and horticulture. Abscisic Acid (ABA) Stomatal Regulation : ABA controls the opening and closing of stomata in response to environmental factors, such as drought stress. Seed Dormancy : ABA maintains seed dormancy, preventing the germination of seeds under unfavorable conditions. Stress Response : It mediates plants' responses to various stressors, including drought, salinity, and cold. Example : ABA signaling pathways are crucial for plants to withstand adverse environmental conditions.

7. Applications of Plant Hormones Fruit Ripening : Ethylene is used commercially to ripen fruits like bananas and tomatoes, affecting color, texture, and flavor. Seedless Fruits : Cytokinins are utilized to produce seedless fruits like grapes by stimulating fruit development without seeds.

8. Conclusion. Plant hormones play a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development, with each hormone serving specific functions to ensure the plant's well-being. Interesting Fact : Did you know that cytokinins were first discovered in coconut milk? They were found to stimulate plant cell division and growth.

9. References: BOOK : Biology For Engineers By G. K. Suraish Kumar Websites : Wikipedia and researchgate.net YT Channel : Biotech Guide

10. Thank you Rajeev Ranjan [email protected]

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