Pressure ulcers.pdf.pdxvsvdudhbdndkksnsb

This slides is about the pressure ulcers

1. PRESSURE ULCERS
Dr. Hamna Afzal

2. What are Pressure Ulcers?
•Area of skin breaks down when no
movement occurs
•Constant pressure reduces blood
supply to specific area?????? death of
tissue

4. 4 Stages of Pressure Ulcers
1.Reddened area of skin (“intact
skin with non-blanchable redness of a localized
area usually over a bony prominence.”)
2.Blister/Open Sore
3.Crater (bowl shaped depression on surface)
4.Damage to muscle or bone
I) Unstageable: Depth Unknown
II) Suspected Deep Tissue Injury: Depth Unknown

5. 4 Stages of Pressure Ulcers

6. WOUND ETIOLOGY
•Extrinsic factors
•Moisture
•Friction
•Irritants
•Intrinsic Factors
•Age
•spinal cord injury
•Nutrition
•steroid administration
These factors are believed to affect collagen synthesis and
degradation.

7. Other intrinsic factors affect tissue perfusion, including
•Systemic blood pressure
•Extracorporeal circulation
•Serum protein
•Smoking
•Hemoglobin and hematocrit, vascular disease
• diabetes mellitus
•Vasoactive drugs
•Increases in body temperature.

8. •Epidemiological studies show that limitations in activity and mobility are
independently predictive of pressure ulcers. Changes in sensory
perception may further impair movement.

Pressure is greatest
on tissues at the
apex of the gradient
and lessens to the
right and left of this
point.

9. Shear injury is a mechanical force
parallel, rather than
perpendicular, to an area of
tissue. In this illustration, gravity
pulls the body down the incline of
the bed. The skeleton and
attached deep fascia slide within
the skin, while the skin and
superficial fascia, attached to the
dermis, remain stationary, held in
place by friction between the skin
and the bed linen. This internal
slide compromises blood supply
to the area and deforms or
distorts tissue.

10. HEELS can be used to care for heels at risk
for pressure ulcers
HEELS© mnemonic
•H ave foot or leg movement?
•E valuate heels and sensation.
•E valuate foot drop risk.
•L imit friction.
•S uspend
PRACTICE POINT
•Careful observation of the sacrum/ coccyx and heels is warranted
because these are the most frequent sites of pressure ulcers. heels
with devices as needed.