Prevention and mitigation of soil pollution

Soil pollution

1. Prevention and mitigation
of soil pollution
K. Maheshwaran, Asst.Prof. (SS&AC)
SethuBhaskaraAgricultural College &
Research Foundation

3. Objectives
Toimprovephysical,chemicaland
biologicalpropertiesofsoil
Toincreaseorganicmattercontentinsoil
Toincreasesoilfertility
Tomakeunavailableformofnutrients
intoavailableform
Cleanearth

4. Types of solid wastes
Depending on the nature of origin, solid wastes
are classified into
1.Urban or municipal wastes
2.Industrial wastes
3.Hazardous wastes
Solid waste management

5. Sourcesofmunicipalwastes
Domesticwastescontainingavarietyof
materialsthrownoutfromhomes
Ex:Foodwaste,Cloth,Wastepaper,Glass
bottles,Polythenebags,Wastemetals,etc.
CommercialwastesItincludeswastescoming
outfromshops,markets,hotels,offices,
institutions,etc.
Ex:Wastepaper,packagingmaterial,cans,bottle,
polythenebags,etc.
Solid waste management

6. ConstructionwastesItincludeswastesof
constructionmaterials.
Ex:Wood,Concrete,Debris,etc.
BiomedicalwastesItincludesmostlywaste
organicmaterials
Ex:Anatomicalwastes,Infectiouswastes,etc.
Solid waste management

7. Classificationofurbanwastes
Bio-degradablewastes:Thosewastesthatcan
bedegradedbymicroorganismsarecalledbio-
degradablewastes
Ex:Food,vegetables,tealeaves,dryleaves,etc.
Non-biodegradablewastes:Urbansolidwaste
materialsthatcannotbedegradedbymicro
organismsarecallednon-biodegradablewastes.
Ex:Polythenebags,scrapmaterials,glassbottles,
etc.
Solid waste management

8. Sourcesofindustrialwastes
Chemicalindustries,metalandmineral
processingindustries.
Nuclearplants:Itgeneratedradioactivewastes
Thermalpowerplants:Itproducesflyashin
largequantities
Otherindustries:Otherindustriesproduce
packingmaterials,rubbish,organicwastes,acid,
alkali,scrapmetals,rubber,plastic,paper,glass,
wood,oils,paints,dyes,etc
Solid waste management

9. Effectofimpropersolidwastemanagement
Duetoimproperdisposalofmunicipalsolid
wasteontheroadsandimmediate
surroundings,biodegradablematerialsundergo
decompositionproducingfoulsmelland
becomeabreedinggroundfordiseasevectors.
Industrialsolidwastesarethesourcefortoxic
metalsandhazardouswastesthataffectsoil
characteristicsandproductivityofsoilswhen
theyaredumpedonthesoil
Solid waste management

10. Toxicsubstancesmaypercolateintotheground
andcontaminatethegroundwater.
Burningofindustrialordomesticwastes
(cans,pesticides,plastics,radioactivematerials
andbatteries)producefurans,dioxinsand
polychlorinatedbiphenylsthatareharmfulto
humanbeings.
Solid waste management

11. Steps involved in solid waste management

12. Reduce
Ifusageofrawmaterialsisreduced,the
generationofwastealsogetsreduced

13. Reuse
Refillablecontainersthatarediscarded
afterusecanbereused
Rubberringscanbemadefromdiscarded
cycletubesandthisreduceswaste
generationduringmanufactureofrubber
bands

14. Recycle
Recyclingisthereprocessingofdiscarded
materialsintonewusefulproducts
Ex:Oldaluminiumcansandglassbottlesare
meltedandrecastintonewcansandbottles
Preparationofcelluloseinsulationfrompaper
Preparationofautomobilebodyand
constructionmaterialfromsteelcans

15. Landfill
Incineration
Composting
Solid waste management

16. Inasanitarylandfill,garbageisspreadoutinthin
layers,compactedandcoveredwithclayor
plasticfoam
Land fill

17. Itisahygenicwayofdisposingsolidwaste.Itis
suitableifwastecontainsmorehazardous
materialandorganiccontent.
Itisathermalprocessandveryeffectivefor
detoxificationofallcombustiblepathogens
Incineration

18. Itisanotherpopularmethodpracticedinmany
citiesinourcountry.
Inthismethod,bulkorganicwasteisconverted
intofertilizerbymicrobialaction
Composting

19. Phytoremediation
Phytostabilization
Phytovolatilization
Microorganism
stimulation
Phytoaccumulation
Phytodegradation
Mechanism
Mechanism

26. Neem tree

27. Acacia

28. Vaagaitree-Albizialebbeck

29. Prosopis

30. Totakatti-Dalbergiasissoo

31. Antioxidative enzymes
Catalase
Super oxide dismutase (SOD)
Glutathione reductase
Oxidoreductase
Activity of all the enzymes was responsible for
phytoremediation