Preventive Dentistry (plaque control)

1. Plaque Control   Professor : Dr. Merlin A. Go   Subject/Section : DCD 121 / DBB Schedule : TTH * 17:30 _ 18:30 * D 509 Name : Khafi Makoo , Noorallah

2. Introduction : What is dental plaque : Dental plaque is a soft sticky and colorless deposit that accumulates on the teeth It cannot be rinsed but removed by brushing. Plaque is a firmly adherent mass of bacteria in a mucopolysaccharide matrix.

3. Plaque control is the most essential Step towards maintaining a proper and a healthy Oral Environment . Also it is the removal of microbial plaque and the prevention of its accumulation on the teeth and adjacent gingival tissues Introduction :

4. Remember ……..!!! Plaque: Plaque is a white, sticky substance that builds up every day around your teeth and gums, and on dental appliances. Plaque can be removed with daily brushing, flossing, and rinsing with an antiseptic mouthwash. If plaque is not removed it hardens into calculus. Calculus: Once plaque has been allowed to remain it calcifies. Only a dental professional can then remove calculus. Plaque Calculus

5. Brush Plaque builds within hours. Brushing your teeth helps oral health because it removes plaque from the surfaces of your teeth and gums. Floss Because periodontal disease often begins in areas your toothbrush cannot reach, it’s important to remove plaque from between teeth and just below your gumline by flossing. Rinse Daily rinsing with an antiseptic mouthwash may add to the benefits of brushing and flossing by reducing plaque between crowded teeth and around hard-to-reach molars.

6. Methods of Plaque Control : Mechanical : 1-Individual . 2-Professional. Chemical : 1-Individual . 2-Professional .

7. Mechanical Plaque Control 1-tooth brush 2-interdental aids 3-other Individual mechanical plaque control is achieved by :

8. Tooth brush Mechanical Electrical

9. Mechanical tooth brushing Design

10. Electric tooth brushing They where introduced in 1939

11. Dentifrices/ Toothpastes 2. Mouth Rinses i . Chlorhexidine Rinse ii. Essential Oil Rinse Chemical Plaque Control Agents

12. TOOTHPASTE / DENTIFRICES Toothpaste called as dentifrice, is an inclusive term used to describe a powder, paste or gel, used with a toothbrush to aid in the removal of plaque, biofilm , materia alba, and stain from teeth and soft tissue. PURPOSE Cleaning Polishing Removal of stains Reduce incidence of tooth decay

13. Dentifrices Composition : 1-fluoride 2-abrasions 3-detergents 4-humectants 5-thickeners 6-preservative 7-flavoring agents 8-sweeteners 9-coloring agents 10-anticaries agents 11-water

14. It's the most commonly recommend method of removing plaque from interdental areas Dental Floss

15. Floss holder

16. Toothpaste Contents Abrasives (20%-40%) Flavor- (2%) pleasant and must be associated with a “clean” feeling. E.g. Mint flavor Colouring agent (2%) Binders (2%) Humectants (20%-40%) Detergents (1%-2%) Flavoring agent (2%) Preservatives (<1%) Sweetening agents (2%) Water (20%-40%)

17. Abrasive Also called as polishing agent Solid, insoluble particles Potential for fluoride interaction Causing abrasion Remove debris and residual strain from teeth Examples of Abrasives: Aluminium oxide Calcium pyrophosphate Carbonates like sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate silicas

18. Fluoride Actives Function: Increases resistance to enamel solubility. Restricted usage level (for adults it must be within 1000 to 1450 ppm and for children not more than 1000ppm) Examples: Sodium fluoride Sodium monofluorophosphate Stannous fluoride

19. Therapeutic Agents Anti-caries agents: sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate Anti-plaque: Sodium Lauryl Sulphate, Triclosane, Zinc and Stannous ions Anti-calculus: Pyrophosphate Anti-dentin hypersensitivity: Potassium salts Whitening agents: Papain, Dimethicone

20. Some toxic components of a toothpaste Fluorides: in higher levels cause fluorosis Appear as tiny white streaks or specks Severe form- mottling of enamel, pitting and cracking of teeth, black and brown stains. Titanium dioxide: if inhaled can cause lung damage Sodium saccharin: FDA lists it as a possible carcinogen 21

21. MOUTH RINSES Chlorhexidine Rinse: This agent has the most positive antibacterial results to date. Have pronounced antiseptic properties. Inhibit the development of plaque, calculus and gingivitis. Side Effects: Brown staining of the teeth, tongue and silicate resin restorations Transient impairment of taste perception. Chlorhexidine Preparation contains: 12% alcohol

22. Conclusion Dental plaque is colorless deposit that accumulates on the teeth Plaque control is the most essential Step towards maintaining a proper and a healthy Oral Environment Plaque Control is done Mechanically and Chemically There are many technique for Brushing From the factors that determining the selection of interdental aids are the type of embrasures Dental Floss It's the most commonly recommend method of removing plaque from interdental areas Gingival massage produced epithelial thickening , increased keratinization , increased mitotic activity in epithelium and connective tissue

23. References Jong’s Community Dental Health, 5th Edition , chapter 7. Foundation of periodontology for dental hygenic . Essintial of clinical periodontology and periodondices , 2nd Edition , chapter 37. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_hygienist.

24. THANK YOU