Primary health care

primary health care

1. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PRESENTED BY – SAPNA THAKUR MSC COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

2. HEALTH CARE It is defined as multiple services rendered to individuals, families or communities by the agents of health services or professionals for the purpose of promoting, maintaining, monitoring or restoring health .

3. LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE Primary level health care Secondary level health care Tertiary level health care

4. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE This is the first level of contact between the recipient of care and the health care delivery system. Majority of the problems at this level are solved by the people with some assistance and guidance of health workers.  In rural area these services are given by the means of sub centres , PHC and CHC.  In urban areas these services are given by maternal child health and family welfare centres and dispensaries.

5. SECONDARY HEALTH CARE   At this level more complex problems are taken care mostly which require secondary level of preventive services and curative services.  These services are provided at district health centres / hospitals.  Those cases which cannot be handled at PHC or CHC are referred to district health centres .

6. TERTIARY HEALTH CARE  This level of health care is provided at the state/regional/central level institutions.  These institutions serve as a referral units for primary and secondary levels.  They also serve as a teaching institution for education and training of various categories of health care professionals .

7. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE   Primary health care is essential health care and technology based on practical scientifically sound and social acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community by means acceptable to them, through their full participation and at the cost that the community and country can afford .

8. PURPOSES  Increase in life expectation  Improvement in nutritional status.  Provision of basic sanitation  Development of manpower and other resources.

9. CONCEPT The concept of primary health care was introduced at international level jointly by WHO and UNICEF at the Alma Atta conference in 1978 to achieve the goal of HEALTH FOR ALL by the year 2000A.D

10. PRINCIPLES OF PHC  Equitable distribution. Community participation. Intersectoral coordination. .Appropriate technology. Human resources

11. Services by community health worker referral services Logistics of supply

12. EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION .  Health services must be shared equally by all people irrespective of their ability to pay. • Rich or poor / rural or urban must have access to health services . • Primary Health Care aims to readdress this imbalance by shifting the centre of gravity of the health care system from cities to the rural areas, & bring these services as near people’s home as possible.  

13. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION . : community participation is the process by which individuals and families assume responsibilities for their own health and welfare and for those of the community and develops the capacity to contribute to their and country’s development.

14. INTER – SECTORAL CO-ORDINATION There is an increasing realization that HFA (Health for all ) cannot be provided by the health sector alone. The declaration of Alma Ata states that primary health care involves in addition to health sector, all related sectors & aspects of national & community development, in particular agriculture, animal husbandry, food, industry, education, housing, public works, communication & other sectors.

15. To achieve such cooperation, countries may have to review their administrative system, reallocate their resources & introduce suitable legislation to ensure that coordination can take place. • This requires a strong political will to translate values into action. .  • An important approach is the inter sectoral approach.

16. APPROPRIATE TECNOLOGY Appropriate technology has been defined as “ technology that is scientifically sound , adaptable to local needs, & acceptable to those who apply it & for those whom it is used & that cab be maintained by the people themselves in keeping with the principles of self reliance with the resources the community & country can afford”.

17. The term appropriate is emphasized because in some countries luxurious hospitals that are totally inappropriate to the local needs, are built, which absorb a major part of the national health budget, effectively blocking many improvement in general health services. This also implies use of costly equipments , procedures & techniques when cheaper, scientifically valid & acceptable ones are available. (ORS packets over house to house sand pipe connections)

18. HUMAN RESOURCE  : for the effective implementation of primary health care , it is essential to make full use of all the available resources including the human potential of all the country . 

19. SERVICES BY COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKER community health workers form a link between the community people and the health system. They are given short and simple training to be able to take care of the simple and basic health needs of the people.

20. REFERRAL SYSTEM : The patients with severe condition unable to treat at the primary level should be referred to the higher/ specialised centre for the proper treatment .

21. LOGISTICS OF SUPPLY : It includes planning and budgeting of the supplies required, procurement or manufacture, storage, distribution and control .

22. ROLE OF NURSE IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE HEALTH EDUCATION FOOD SUPPLY AND PROPER NUTRITION WATER SUPPLY AND BASIC SANITATION MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH CARE INCLUDING FAMILY PLANNING

23. TREATMENT OF MINOR AILMENTS PROVISIONS OF ESSENTIAL DRUGS IMMUNIZATION PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF ENDEMIC DISEASES

24. THANK YOU