Principles & Practice of Management

Principles & Practice of Management, Meaning, Concept, Features

1. Principles and Practice of Management Part - 1 Meaning, Concept, Features of Management By: Smt.UMA MINAJIGI REUR HEAD, DEPT. OF COMMERCE & Management Smt. V G Degree College for Women, Kalaburagi

2. INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT M A N A G E M E N T --- The Manager --- The Knowledge --- The People --- Technology/Techniques/Tactics

3. A business develops in course of time with complexities. Management is not only essential to business concerns but also essential to Banks, business concerns but also essential to Banks, Schools, Colleges, Hospitals, Hotels, Religious bodies etc. Every business unit has objectives of its won. These objectives can be achieved with the co-operative efforts of several personnel. As E. Demock has rightly said “the management is not a matter of pressing a button, pulling a lever, issuing orders, scanning P & L statement, promulgating rules and regulations. Rather it is the power to determine what shall happen to the personalities and happiness of entire people, the power to shape the destiny of a nation and of all the nations which make up the world” 

4. Meaning of Management: Management is the art of getting things done by a group of people with the effective utilization of available resources. There are various definitions given by various management gurus but simply management is the process consisting of the functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling the operations to achieve specified objectives

5. Meaning of Management:  “ Management is the process of designing & maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims.” As managers, people carry out the managerial functions of planning, organizing, staffing, leading, & controlling. Management applies to any kind of organization. It applies to managers at all organizational levels. The aim of all managers is the same: to create a surplus. Managing is concerned with productivity, this implies effectiveness & efficiency.

6. DEFINITIONS: “Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organized groups” --- Koontz  “Management is the art of getting things done through and with people” --- Mary Parker  “Management is the art of knowing what you want to do and then seeing that it is done in the best and cheapest way” --- F.W. Taylor  “Management is the accomplishment of results through the efforts of other people” --- Lawrence “Management is to manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate and control”. --- Henry Fayol (1916)

7. Concept of Management Management as a Discipline Management as a Group of People Management as a Process

8. Management as a Discipline Discipline refers to a field of study having well-defined concepts and principles. Management as a discipline refers to that branch of knowledge which is connected to study of principles & practices of basic administration. It specifies certain code of conduct to be followed by the manager & also various methods for managing resources efficiently. Management as a discipline specifies certain code of conduct for managers & indicates various methods of managing an enterprise. Management is treated as an art or science, the two basic and broad disciplines.

9. Management as a Group of People A team is not made only of individuals. A team is made of a common goal and a common ideal. A common cause, and a motivating force is the spirit of the team.

10. Management as a Group of People Management as a group of people refers to all those personnel who perform managerial functions in organisations . Management as a group refers to all those persons who perform the task of managing an enterprise. When we say that management of ABC & Co. is good, we are referring to a group of people those who are managing. Thus as a group technically speaking, management will include all managers from chief executive to the first - line managers (lower-level managers). But in common practice management includes only top management i.e. Chief Executive, Chairman, General Manager, Board of Directors etc. In other words, those who are concerned with making important decisions, these persons enjoy the authorities to use resources to accomplish organizational objectives & also responsibility to for their efficient utilization.

11. Management as a Group of People Contd ------ Management as a group may be looked upon in 2 different ways: All managers taken together. Only the top management The interpretation depends upon the context in which these terms are used. Broadly speaking, there are 3 types of managers - Patrimonial / Family Manager:  Those who have become managers by virtue of their being owners or relatives of the owners of company. Professional Managers:  Those who have been appointed on account of their specialized knowledge and degree. Political Managers / Civil Servants:  Those who manage public sector undertakings. Managers have become a part of elite group of society as they enjoy higher standard of living in the society.

12. Management as a Process A process can be defined as a systematic method of handling activities. The Management process can be treated as a complex one which can be referred to as an identifiable flow of information through interrelated stages of analysis directed towards the achievement of an objective or set of objectives. It a dynamic concept. As a process, management refers to a series of inter-related functions. It is the process by which management creates, operates and directs purposive organization through systematic, coordinated and co-operated human efforts, according to George R. Terry, “Management is a distinct process consisting of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish stated objective by the use of human beings and other resources”.

13. Management as a Process Contd --- As a process, management consists of three aspects: Management is a social process -  Since human factor is most important among the other factors, therefore management is concerned with developing relationship among people. It is the duty of management to make interaction between people - productive and useful for obtaining organizational goals. Management is an integrating process -  Management undertakes the job of bringing together human physical and financial resources so as to achieve organizational purpose. Therefore, is an important function to bring harmony between various factors. Management is a continuous process -  It is a never ending process. It is concerned with constantly identifying the problem and solving them by taking adequate steps. It is an on-going process.

14. Features of Management Organised Activities Existence of Objectives Relationship among Resources Working with and through people Decision Making

15. 1. Organised Activities Management is a process of Organised activities. Management exists wherever a group of people are working towards a common objective. A group of people cannot perform, without organised activities. The organised activities any take a variety of forms ranging from a tightly- structured organisation (Tata Iron & Steel Co.) to very loosely knit organisation (local social club). All organisations have one thing in common; they want to progress efficiently towards the achievement of their objectives, through the coordinated efforts of people. Each individual’s personal objectives contribute to the overall objectives of the group. Management becomes the means by which random action is controlled.

16. 2. Existence of Objectives All organisations are deliberate and purposive creation with some set of objectives. The organisational objectives are the desired state of affairs which an organisation attempts to realise. The realisation of objectives is sought through the coordinated efforts of the people constituting an organisation.

17. 3. Relationship among Resources Resources include money, machine, materials and people. All the resources are made available to the manager. Manager has a organised activities to achieve a set of goals. Manager with his knowledge, experience, principles established relationships among the available resources to achieve the desired results. Thus, the essence of management is integration of various organisational resources. It is important for management to take care of integration of human resources, as at operational level people use various physical and other resources. Thus, management is concerned with the proper utilisation of human resources which in turn utilise other resources.

18. 4. Working with and through people Management involves working with people and getting organisational objectives achieved through them. The superior – subordinate relationships are created because of organised activities. The actual work is performed by people at operational level, the lowest level in the organisation, through the assignment and reassignment of activities. Thus, a sizeable proportion of management principles relates to how human beings can be put for better efforts in the organisation.

19. 5. Decision Making Management process involves decision making at various levels for getting things done by others. Decision making basically involves selecting the most appropriate alternative out of several. The growth of organisation depends on the decision take by the managers. The success or failure of managers can be judged by the quality of decisions that they make.

20. That’s Not My Job: This is a story about four people named Everybody, Somebody, Anybody and Nobody. There was an important job to be done and Everybody was sure that Somebody would do it. Anybody could have done it, but Nobody did it. Somebody got angry about that, because it was Everybody’s job. Everybody thought Anybody could do it, but Nobody realized that Everybody wouldn’t do it. It ended up that Everybody blamed Somebody when Nobody did what Anybody could have.

21. Thank you