PRINCY SHASTRI seminar presentation final.pptx

Enzyme activity are the main source of living being

1. TOPIC : Plant Genetics : Unlocking the secret of Plant Life and Future implications PRESENTED BY : R AJASHREE BHUYAN 3 RD SEMESTER , ROLL NO - 46 DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY JORHAT KENDRIYA MAHAVIDYALAYA,JORHAT-10

2. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 1. To explore the applications of plant geneticsin crop improvement and biotechnology. 2. To discuss the future aspects of Plant Genetics .

3. METHODOLOGY Collecting Primary Data: Field Observations : Example - Observing Plant Traits: Mangifera indica spp , commonly known as mango Growth Patterns: In a home setting, observe how the mango tree grows in terms of height, canopy spread, and leaf density. Mango trees can grow large but can be managed with pruning. Leaf Shape: Mango leaves are typically lanceolate to oblong, dark green, and leathery. Observe any variations in leaf shape or size. Flower Color: Mango flowers are small, yellowish to greenish-white, borne in panicles. Note the flowering pattern and duration. Responses to Environmental Stresses: In a home setting, observe how the mango tree responds to stresses like drought (leaf drooping, reduced growth), excessive water (root rot risk), or temperature extremes.

4. SECONDARY DATA Secondary data is collected from – “ Handbook of Genetics and Plant Breeding ” by Dr. Rajendra Kumar Yadav , covering general genetics, plant breeding methods, and genetic engineering. "Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding " by George Acquaah and "A Textbook of Plant Genetic and Gene Expression" cover fundamental principles and applications of plant genetics.

5. INTRODUCTION TO PLANT GENETICS Gregor Johann Mendel is credited with introducing the foundational concepts of plant genetics. He's often called the "Father of Genetics". Mendel, an Augustinian priest and scientist, worked with pea plants in the mid-19th century to study inheritance and traits Plant genetics is a fascinating field that deals with the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in plants. It involves understanding how plants inherit traits, how genes control plant development and responses to the environment, and how genetic information can be used to improve plant breeding and crop production.

6. Mendel's Work on Garden Pea ( Pisum sativum ) Gregor Mendel conducted his groundbreaking research using the garden pea ( Pisum sativum ). He chose peas for several reasons:- Easy to Grow: Peas are relatively easy to cultivate and have a short generation time. Self-Pollinating: Peas are self-pollinating but can be cross-pollinated for experiments. Distinct Traits: Peas have several distinct traits with clear variations.

7. Key Aspects of Mendel's Experiments- Trait Selection: Mendel studied seven traits in peas, including seed shape, seed color, flower color, and plant height. Crosses and Observations: He performed controlled crosses between pea plants with different traits and observed the offspring.- Laws of Inheritance: Mendel's observations led to the formulation of the laws of segregation and independent assortment.

8. APPLICATIONS OF PLANT GENETICS Crop Improvement: Plant genetics helps breed crops with desirable traits like disease resistance, drought tolerance, and improved yield. Genetic Engineering: Techniques like CRISPR allow for precise editing of plant genomes to introduce beneficial traits. Plant Breeding: Understanding plant genetics informs breeding strategies to produce new varieties of crops and plants. Conservation and Biodiversity: Plant genetics aids in conserving plant genetic resources and understanding biodiversity.

9. Examples of Applications- Disease-Resistant Crops: Plant genetics helps develop crops resistant to diseases, reducing pesticide use. Drought-Tolerant Varieties: Breeding drought-tolerant crops using genetic insights helps manage water-limited conditions. Biofortification : Plant genetics is used to biofortify crops with essential nutrients to improve human health.

10. CHALLENGES FACED Plant genetics faces several challenges, particularly with the increasing impact of climate change on crop production worldwide. Complexity of Polyploid Genomes: Polyploid plants have multiple copies of each chromosome, making it difficult to track introgressed genes or recover the genetic background of the recipient parent during breeding.

11. CHALLENGES FACED Genotype-Dependent Transformation: Lack of genotype-independent transformation protocols can hinder the application of genetic engineering in various plant species. Regulatory Hurdles and Public Acceptance: The legal environment surrounding genome-edited plants varies across countries, impacting research and innovation.

12. Impact & Future Directions Food Security: Applications of plant genetics contribute to improving food security and sustainability. Adaptation to Climate Change: Plant genetics helps develop crops that can adapt to changing environmental conditions. Techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 enable precise editing of plant genomes to enhance traits like drought tolerance and disease resistance.

13. THANK YOU