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1. EssayEssay
An Overview

2. What is an essay?
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An essay is, generally, a scholarly piece of writing that
gives the author's own argument
Essays can consist of a number of elements,
including: literary criticism, political manifestos,
learned arguments, observations of daily life,
recollections, and reflections of the author
Almost all modern essays are written in prose
Brevity usually defines an essay

3. Definitions
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an analytic, interpretative, or critical literary
composition usually much shorter and less
systematic and formal than a dissertation or thesis
and usually dealing with its subject from a limited
and often personal point of view (Encyclopedia
Britannica)
"a literary device for saying almost everything about
almost anything.“ (Aldous Huxley)
"loose sally (witticism) of the mind,“ (Samuel
Johnson)

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Its “extreme variability can be studied most
effectively within a three-poled frame of reference“
The personal and the autobiographica
The objective, the factual, and the concrete-
particular
The abstract-universal
(Aldous Huxley)
Huxley adds that "the most richly satisfying essays
are those which make the best not of one, not of
two, but of all the three worlds in which it is
possible for the essay to exist."

5. The Historical Development
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The word essay derives from the French infinitive 
essayer, "to try" or "to attempt“
The Frenchman Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592)
was the first author to describe his work as essays
Some early treatises—such as those of Cicero on the
pleasantness of old age or on the art of “divination,” 
Seneca on anger or clemency, and Plutarch on the
passing of oracles—presage to a certain degree the
form and tone of the essay

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 Francis Bacon's essays, published in book form in
1597, 1612, and 1625, were the first works in English
that described themselves as  essays.
Ben Jonson first used the word  essayist in English in
1609, according to the  Oxford English Dictionary

7. Types of Literary Essay
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Expository Essay – In an expository essay, the writers
give explanation of an idea, theme or issue to the
audience by giving their personal opinions. This
essay is presented through examples, definitions, 
comparison, and contrast.
Descriptive Essay – As it sounds like, it gives
description about a particular topic or describes the
traits and characteristics of something or a person in
details. It allows artistic freedom and creates images
in the minds of readers through the use of five
senses.

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Narrative Essay – Narrative essay is non-fiction, but
describes a story with sensory descriptions. The
writers not only tell story, but also make a point by
giving reasons.
Persuasive Essay – In this type of essay, a writer tries
to convince his readers to adopt his position on a 
point of view or issue after he provides them solid
reasoning in this connection. It requires a lot of
research to claim and defend an idea. It is also called
an argumentative essay.

9. Example 1

“As I passed through the gates I heard a squeaky 
voice. A diminutive middle-aged man came out from
behind the trees — the caretaker. He worked a
toothbrush-sized stick around in his mouth, digging
into the crevices between algae’d stubs of teeth. He
was barefoot; he wore a blue batik shirt known as a
buba, baggy purple trousers, and an embroidered
skullcap. I asked him if he would show me around the
shrine. Motioning me to follow, he spat out the
results of his stick work and set off down the trail.”

10. Example 2

“I am afraid I do not attract attention, and yet there is
not a single home in which I could done without. I am
only a small, black kettle but I have much to interest
me, for something new happens to me every day. The
kitchen is not always a cheerful place in which to live,
but still I find plenty of excitement there, and I am
quite happy and contented with my lot…”
(The Autobiography of a Kettle by John Russell)

11. Example 3

Everybody knows about hot hands. The only problem is
that no such phenomenon exists. The Stanford
psychologist Amos Tversky studied every basket made by
the Philadelphia 76ers for more than a season. He found,
first of all, that probabilities of making a second basket did
not rise following a successful shot. Moreover, the number
of "runs," or baskets in succession, was no greater than
what a standard random, or coin-tossing, model would
predict. (If the chance of making each basket is 0.5, for
example, a reasonable value for good shooters, five hits in
a row will occur, on average, once in thirty-two sequences--
just as you can expect to toss five successive heads about
once in thirty-two times, or 0.5.)

12. Example 4

“It is impossible to love, and be wise … Love is a child
of folly. … Love is ever rewarded either with the
reciprocal, or with an inward and secret contempt.
You may observe that amongst all the great and
worthy persons…there is not one that hath been
transported to the mad degree of love: which shows
that great spirits and great business do keep out this
weak passion…That he had preferred Helena, quitted
the gifts of Juno and Pallas. For whosoever
esteemeth too much of amorous affection quitted
both riches and wisdom.”
(Of Love by Francis Bacon)

13. How to Write a Good Essay
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Read good and popular essays
Build your vocabulary and use it properly
Words to help develop an argument
Tell the reader what other people say
Syntax, punctuation and tone of voice