pritheesh soil science.pptx soil science

Agriculture

1. NITROGEN FERTILIZERS-UREA,AMMONIUM SULPHATE,AMMONIUM NITRATE,CAN,PROPERTIES AND THEIR REACTIONS IN SOIL PRAVEEN KUMAR M 2021004081 PRITHEESH KV 2021004082

2. NITROGEN FERTILIZERS-INTRODUCTION Nitrogen fertilizers are essential in modern agriculture, providing a critical nutrient that plants need for growth and development. These fertilizers enhance the nitrogen content in the soil, boosting crop yields and improving plant health. Nitrogen is a key component of chlorophyll, the compound that plants use to photosynthesize, and is also crucial for the synthesis of proteins and DNA.

3. UREA CO(NH2)2 First time an organic compound synthesized from an inorganic compound by Fredriech wohler 1828.

4. PROPERTIES OF UREA Urea is first isolated from urine by Rouelle (1773) 46% N is amide form Hygroscopic, free flowing, do not form segregates into lumps. Melting point-132.7°C Highly water soluble Available in crystalline form,prillect form (2-4mm)and USG(10-11mm)

5. REACTIONS IN UREA Urea is suitable for application to all crops and on all soils - It may be applied either as basal / top dressing Application of urea to plants as foliar spray For increasing Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) the urea is available in the following forms : Urea super granule (USG) Neem coated urea, S coated urea / Lac coated urea, Rock phosphate coated and Gypsum coated urea

6. AMMONIUM SULPHATE (NH4)2SO4

7. PROPERTIES OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE Low analysis fertilizer due to less than 20.5%N. Acid forming fertilizers. Acidity is 107 Suitable for alkaline/neutral soil also contains 23.7%S Free flowing, crystalline, white , least hygroscopic.

8. REACTIONS IN AMMONIUM SULPHATE (NH4)2SO4 - useful fertilizer for all crops and for a wide variety of soil It can be applied as basal / top dressing•It should not be applied with seed / lime It can be applied in conjunction with bulky organic manures like compost and FYM It supplies S also to the soil Paddy takes up N as NH4+, so it is the best N-fertilizer for paddy

9. AMMONIUM NITRATE -NH4NO3 It was first discovered by Glauber in 1659.

10. PROPERTIES OF AMMONIUM NITRATE Contains 34% N (half in NH4 and half is in NO3) Highly water soluble hence prone to losses. On storage it forms lumps and cakes. Explosive in nature Crystal changes upon storage contains 32.0 to 35.0 per cent N - half in NH4 form and half in NO3 form and resistant to leaching

11. REACTIONS IN AMMONIUM NITRATE Ammonium nitrate is used commonly in fertilizers; in pyrotechniques , herbicides, and insecticides; and in the manufacture of nitrous oxide. It is used as an absorbent for nitrogen oxides, an ingredient of freezing mixtures, an oxidizer in rocket propellants, and a nutrient for yeast and antibiotics. It is also used in explosives (especially as an oil mixture) for blasting rocks and in mining.

12. CAN-CALCIUM AMMONIUM NITRATE PROPERTIES fine free flowing, light brown (or) grey granular fertilizer contains 25.0 per cent N, 50 per cent of which is in ammoniacal form and remaining 50 per cent is in nitrate form readily soluble in water, but is resistant to leaching and highly hygroscopic Almost neutral fertilizer can be safely applied even to acid soils Applied as basal and top dressing Calcium improves the effectiveness of fertilizer due to the reasons like explosiveness and hygroscopic tendency of ammonium nitrate is reduced

13. REACTIONS IN CAN Most calcium ammonium nitrate is used as a fertilizer. Fertilizer grade CAN contains roughly 8% calcium and 21-27% nitrogen. CAN is preferred for use on acid soils, as it acidifies soil less than many common nitrogen fertilizers. It is also used in place of ammonium nitrate where ammonium nitrate is banned.