privileged class deviance ( concept &nature)

privileged class deviance ( concept &nature)

1. Concept & Nature of Privileged Class Deviance Tejal N Rohit LLM 1 (2nd Sem )
Roll No.22

2. Introduction Privileged class deviance is a notion very much similar to the concept of ‘White collar crime’ of Sutherland as crime committed by high educational status person or socio-economic crimes. Privileged deviance can be divided into white-collar deviance, or corporate and occupational deviance, and governmental deviance

3. Meaning & Concept of Privileged class deviance Privileged Class Deviance, means crime committed by privileged class of society or crime committed by powerful privileged class of society. Privileged classes deviance focuses upon the relation between privileged, power and their deviant behavior.

4. Continue… In simple words, Crime committed by educated and cultured persons, who are well-clad and would not be normally reckoned as criminals. These persons utilize their economic and social status as a cover for their crimes.

5. Nature of Privileged class deviance What is White-Collar Deviance? Edwin Sutherland : Introduced the concept of white-collar crime in 1939. Crime committed by "the upper, white-collar class, which is composed of respectable, or at least respected, business and professional men in the course of his occupation.“

6. Continue…… Excludes crimes like Murder, Adultery, and Intoxication because these are not customarily part of their occupational procedures (1) Occupational related (2) deviant is a respectable, high status person Also includes corporations participating in deviant activities

7. Corporate Deviance Corporate deviance takes place in corporations; it is carried out for benefit of the company or an individual; the FOUR major types of deviance include: Deviance against employees Deviance against customers Deviance against the Government Deviance against the environment

8. Occupational Deviance White-collar crime committed by employees for individual gain is usually less costly than that committed by corporations, but still far more costly than street crimes It is estimated that as many as 60% of American employees may steal from their employers if the opportunity is presented Embezzlement: stealing of money; costs as much as $27.2 billion in one year (commercial banks lose five times as much to embezzlers as armed robbers).

9. Occupational Deviance – cont. Financial frauds are very prevalent tax evasion securities fraud Deviance in the professions is those acts committed during the course of the individual's occupation medical misconduct – fee splitting, unnecessary surgery and fraudulent payment claims lawyerly lawlessness – overcharging, and intentionally causing delays in court accounting abuses – assisting clients in falsifying deductions during audits

10. What Makes White-Collar Deviance Unique? Use of power, influence, or respectability to minimize detection Rational execution to maximize profits Non-criminal self-image Victim's unwitting cooperation Society is relatively indifferent

11. Causes of White-Collar Deviance Three reason why some people are more likely than other to be deviant: Stronger criminal motivation (greed is stronger than fear) Great criminal opportunity Weaker social control (tax law enforcement)

12. Governmental Deviance Many public officials abuse their power in a variety of ways Official deviance : abuse of power by governmental officials or politicians running for office Political corruption : abuse of power for personal gain Election improprieties include the illegal or unethical means used to win elections Official violence against citizens has a long history

13. Global Perspective: Official Corruption Official corruption is very common around the world, and especially in poorer countries, where corruption of public officials is seen as normal Causes of official corruption: poverty large populations lack of democracy

14. Official Ways of Neutralizing Deviance Official deviants practice “the ritual of wiggle” Continually deny that wrongdoing has occurred Ignore the deviance Accusing the accuser Promising an investigation Claim the action was necessary

15. Causes of Governmental Deviance Abundance of ambiguous laws Complex nature of the government; lack of information (greater complexity leads to greater confusion and diminished awareness that deviance is being committed) and responsibility