Priya Rani Programmed Instructions presentation.pptx

Programmed Instruction

1. Programmed Instruction Priya Rani M.Ed. 4 th Semester M.J.P.Rohilkhand University,Bareilly

2. Programmed Instruction

3. Outline Meaning of Programmed instruction Origin of Programmed instruction Types-- linear & branching

4. What is programme Instruction ? Programme Instruction Programmed Instruction

5. Meaning of programmed instruction Programme instruction is a method of presenting a new subject matter to student in a graded sequence of controlled steps. Students work through programmed material by themselves at their own speed And after each step test their comprehansion by answering an examination question or filling in a diagram they are immediately show the correct answer or given additional information. Smith & Moore (1962) “ programmed Instruction is a Process of arranging the material to be learned into a series of sequential steps, usually it moves from a familiar background into complex and set of concepts, principles and understanding.” Programme Instruction machine

6. Origin

7. Origin or history B.F Skinner , Harvard experimental psychologist is called the father of teaching programme instruction Because of his work in late 1940s and early 1980s. The term “programme Instruction” is probably derived from B.F Skinner’s 1954 paper “ The science of learning and art of teaching” which was presented at the university of Pittsburgh at a conference of current trends in psychology and behavioural science. B.F Skinner

8. Continues………. Programmed Instruction has been origin from principles of “operant learning or conditioning theory.” This concept was used to developed of self learning material or programme learning and teaching machines. There after “Sidney L. Pressey” designed a teaching machine for teaching purpose.

9. Characteristics of Programmed Instruction Content arreged in Small steps Self Paced learning

10. Reinforcement Active response Motivation Continues ………

11. Types of Programmed Instruction Linear programming Branching Programming

12. Linear Programme Instruction

13. Linear programmed instruction The credit of linear programming style is goes to B.F Skinner . Linear programming style is related to Operent Conditioning Theory In linear programming, response are controlled externally by the programmer sitting at a distance place. A linear Programme is called a straight line Programme as the learner start from his initial behaviour to the Terminal behaviour following a straight line. The student proceed from one frame to the next until he completes the programme.

14. Measuring behaviour Entering behaviour Terminal behaviour

15. Structure of Iinear programmed instruction Content Test Content Test Primary behaviour Last behaviour

16. Characteristics of linear Programmed Instruction Programmed instruction is individualized Teaching material is carefully ordered simple to complex Participants or students actively involved each step of evaluation Self directed learning mathod

17. Frames of linear programmed Instruction Testing Frame Practice Frame Teaching Frame Introductory Frame

18. Features of linear programmed Instruction It is accompanied with a self-explained set of instructions. It controlled the individual differences of the learner. It provides reinforcement to the learner. It provides ”learning by doing” situation. It is designed in logical sequence of content structur. Difficult concept can be taught effectively.

19. Limitations of linear programmed Instruction Lack of motivation Freedom of choice is curtailed Costly It can be used in limeted areas Blanks and key term are used

20. Branching programme Instruction

21. Branching Programme instruction The founder of Branching Programming was Norman A Crowder (1954) it also known as Crowderian Model. It is based on configuration theory of learning. It is a problem solving approach. It is stimulas centered approach of learning. Students are given a piece of information,provided with alternative answer to questions and on the basis of their decision, detoured, if necessary, to remedial study or sent on to the next section of the Program. Norman A Crowder

22. Structure of branching Programme frame In this strategy, content is not presented in small steps but whole unit is presented. The size of step may be a paragraph or whole page. The learner precives the whole whole concept and tries to comprehend. He has to follow the sequence page. Therefore, branching programming text is known as Scrambled Text

23. Main Frame 1 Main Frame 2 N.A P.A N.A P.A Branching programming R F R F

24. Characteristics of branching programmed Instruction Individualized instruction Frame size is large & structure is exposition- Diagnosis & remediation. Two type of frame - (Home page & wrong page). Respons are selected by learner not by programmer. S Programme is used for secondary as well as higher classes.

25. Limitations of branching Programmed Instruction There is no chance for student’s creativity. It is difficult to developed an instructional Programme. Development of Programme is not economical. It can not be applied at primary level of education.

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