problems of oral cavity

In this slide contains problems of oral cavity
Presented by: NARAYAN SINGH UDIT (Department of pharmaceutics).RIPER, anantapur

1. P roblems of Oral Cavity Seminar on Production Planning and Control   Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research(RIPER)- Autonomous JNT University Anantapur in Partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of Master of Pharmacy in Pharmaceutics Presented by UDIT NARAYAN SINGH (20L81S307) Under the guidance of Ms. Hima Udaya Sree Assistant Professor Department of Pharmaceutics

2. Contents Oral Cavity – Introduction Problems associated with Oral Cavity Dental cavities Bleeding gums Mouth odor Tooth sensitivity Mouth sores Tooth erosion Yellow teeth Toothache General ingredients of Dental products References 2

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4. 4 ORAL CAVITY Structure Consists of – Salivary glands, Teeth and tongue, Cheeks (retromolar) Salivary glands – Parotid Submandibular Sublingual Roof of oral cavity includes both hard & soft palate Lateral walls include cheeks and retromolar region Arches consist of teeth & alveolar bones Lies interior to nasal cavity, and has roof, floor and lateral walls Divided in two arches- Upper arch Lower arch Location Constitution

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6. 6 DENTAL CAVITIES (Caries) Causes Due to tooth decay, erosion of tooth structure Tooth decay affect either enamel or dentin Types Smooth surface cavities Pit and fissure cavities Root cavities, below gum line Symptoms Toothache Tooth sensitivity Pain while eating or drinking Visible holes or pits Tooth staining

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8. 8 BLEEDING GUMS Causes Buildup of plaque at gumline Tartar or infection Vitamin A deficiency Hard brushing Improper flushing Symptoms Easily bleeding gums Swollen, red gums Bad breath Visible pus around teeth and gums Toothache Treatment Plaque removal Clove oil Aloe vera – to reduce the inflammation Salt gargling Prevention Rinsing by antimicrobial( Listrine ) Regular brushing with soft bristles Flossing teeth, removing food debris

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10. 10 MOUTH ODOR ( Halistosis ) Causes Food Tobacco Poor dental hygiene Dry mouth Oral infections Dental problems Medications Symptoms Bad breath Unpleasant taste or odor Dry mouth White coating on the tongue Treatment Proper dental hygiene Mouthwash Sugar free gum Quitting smoking Proper tooth brushing Remedies Fennel – Excellent mouth freshner , also antimicrobial Cinnamon – Reduces amount of bacteria in mouth

11. 11 Treatment Filling – If decay is not extensive Crown – If decay is more severe Root canal or Extraction – If decay reaches root of tooth Home remedies Clove – Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Anti-bacterial Salt – Anti-septic, Anti-bacterial properties Prevention Regular brushing and flossing Using fluoride toothpaste Limited intake of sugary drinks

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13. 13 TOOTH SENSITIVITY Cause Exposure of dentin of tooth to oral environment Dentine has numerous fine tubules which connect to pulp Irritation of nerve endings by external stimuli cause pain Mechanism of Action Occlusion of the dentin tubules Desensitization of nerve fibers, blocking the neural transmission

14. 14 Thermal Types of Stimuli Electrical Mechanical Osmotic Evaporation Chemical Types of Tooth Sensitivity Pulpal Dentinal

15. 15 Agents used in sensitive tooth Strontium Chloride Strontium Acetate Arginine Calcium Carbonate Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate Potassium Nitrate Sodium Fluoride Decrease permeability of Dentin in vitro Cause nerve depolarization & prevent repolarization

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17. 17 MOUTH SORES Causes Biting of tongue, lips or cheeks Burns while eating hot food or drinks Tissue trauma from braces Treatment Heal in 10-14 days without treatment OTC drugs like H-B12 melts Salt water gargle Baking soda water paste Most commonly occurring sores are – Canker Cold sores Painful Ulcers on – Cheeks Lips Gums Tongue Soft palate Bottom of mouth

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19. 19 TOOTH EROSION Treatment Drinking more water in case of dry mouth Using fluoride toothpaste Gradual loss of normal hard surface of tooth Causes Erosion by – Acidic foods Drinks like sodas and juices Prevention Brushing with soft bristled toothbrush after eating and drinking

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21. 21 YELLOW TEETH Tooth discoloration, yelowishness of teeth due to staining Causes Excess fluoride Plaque/ Tartar buildup Aging Smoking Prevention Avoiding acidic or tannin containing food or drinks Proper brushing

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23. 23 TOOTHACHES Pain radiating from teeth Causes Pulpitis Wisdom tooth eruption Gum infections Damages teeth Treatment Filling root canal Antibiotics Phototherapy with cold laser may reduce inflammatory pain

24. 24 COMMON INGREDIENTS OF DENTAL PRODUCTS Fluorides Mineral, helps in strengthening the enamel and less susceptible to cavities Glycerol Prevents tooth paste from drying out, gives consistent texture Sorbitol Holds the toothpaste together Sweetening agent Calcium Carbonate Abrasive, removes plaque, debris and surface stains In toothpaste as abrasive In mouthwash as antiseptic Sodium Bicarbonate

25. 25 https://emedicine-medccape.com/article/the-oral-cavity-overview https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/tc/tooth-decay https://en.m.Wikipedia.org R eferences