Process of Building Construction

In this presentation, the process of building construction is explained. It is mainly divided into pre-construction and during construction steps. Each and every step with it's importance has been well explained in this presentation.

1. P r o c ess o f Building Construction P r e s e n t ed B y : A y u sh N . H a j a r e ( D i p loma s t udent , 2 n d y ear , c i v il engineering )

2. B u ilding co nstruction B u ilding c onstruction i s the p r ocess o f a d d ing s t r ucture t o r e a l p r operty . B u i lding a construction s t e p i n v o l ve i n a n y t y pe of c o n s truction i s not a n e asy task . F o r building construction r e q uire s l o t s o f t i me and i t is t e d i o us w o r k , y e t i t 's r e s u l t is p e r m anent a s s e t f or u s . C a r e s h ould be t a ken in b u i lding c onstruction , b e f o r e p l a n n ing , b u i lding construction p rojects m u s t c o n s ider i m p ortant a s p ects l ike t h e p u r pose of c o nstruction , u t i l ity , f i n a ncial p r o f i c iency , t h e d e m and of work , e t c . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

3. S t e p s f or p r e - c o n s truction T o A c q uire l a n d o r p l o t T o s e e k t e c h n ical h e lp P r e p are e s t i m a t i o n and b u d g ets P e r m i ssion from Authorities A p p r o a ch a b u i l d e r @ a y u s h h a j a r e

4. 1.To Acquire land or plot I t is t he f i rst a nd m o st important s t e p in b u i lding construction , s earch for t he l o c ation f or the b u i lding w h i ch is b e s t s uited f or b u ilding construction p u r p ose . B e c a r eful w h i le s e l ecting l a n d w h ich h a s a l l the d e s i r e d f a c i lities a v a ilable n e a r by and s h ould be f r ee f r om a ll l a n d r e l ated i s s ues . I t is n e cessary that c ollect i n formation b e f ore b u ying l a nd or plot b y h e l p o f r e a l e state agents o r b y o n l ine m e t h ods . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

5. 2 . T o s e e k technical Help A f ter s e l ecting l a nd f or b u i l ding , take t he h e l p o f a a r c h i t ect t o c r e ate b u i lding d e s ign s and t a ke a d v ice . A r c h itect p r e p are p l a n a s p er b u i lding requirement , number of f l a t s , s h o p s b a s e d o n your r e q uirement and b u d gets . T h e n a f t er a r c h itect c o n s u l t with s t r u c t u r a l engineer f or d e tails o f the r e i n forcement s t o b e used , how d e e p t he f o u n dation will be , s i z e of g r a v el t o b e used , pillar w i d t h , etc . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

6. 3.Preparing E s t i m ate a nd b u d g et B u i lding Construction i n v o l v e s a h u ge a mount of m a t e r ial and b u dget . A f t er , p l a n n ing and structural detailing c o m p l eted t h e s e d e t ails a re t r a n sferred to the b u i lding e s t i m a t o r . T he b u ilding estimator will e s t i mate the m a t e r ial q u a ntity , q u antity of d i f f erent i t e ms o f w o r k , and prepare a n a b s t ract s h e e t t h a t s h o ws the c o s t of b u i lding Construction . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

7. I f financial r e s ources a re l i mited , we n eed to s e e k p r e - a p p r o v i ng f or l o a n s i n a d vance o r e l s e y ou m ay e n d u p i n a c a s h c r u n ch s i t u ation .

8. 4 . P e r m i s s i o n s f r om Authorities T h i s is m o s t i m portant p r o c ess a f t e r c o n s t ruction , w e have to t ake permission f rom l o c al m u n i c i p a l b o d y b e f ore you c o u ld g o f or t he c o n s truct . T h e re are s ome d o c u ments r e quired to g et p e r mission . Thi s d ocument m a y d i ffer from s t a te to state , but s o m e are i m p ortant for e v ery b u i lding c onstruction w ork . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

9. F o llowing are the l i st of d o cuments to g et permission L a n d s u r v e y : S u r v ey of the l a n d h a s t o be c a r r ied out w ith the h e l p of a t h o r i z e d l a n d s u rveyor . S o i l t e st r e port of the land L a nd d o c uments A r c h i t e cture / e l e v a t ion / s e c t i o n al d r a w in gs S t r uctural r e p o rts A r chitec t c e r tificate of u n d e r t a king o n R e c o rd and c e r t i f icate of t he u n d e r t aking o f C i v il engineer o n r e c ord . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

10. 5 . A p p r o a ch a b u i l d e r I t is n e cessary to c h o o se a good b u i lder o r c o n t r a c t or for the c o n s t ruction work . B e c ause t he q u ality of w ork and t i me r e quired for i t d e p ends on the w o r k o f bui l d e r , h e n ce i n v i s t i g a t i o n s m u s t be d one . T he d e tails of the w o r k m u s t be c l e a r ed i n the c o n t r act d o c ument . The c o ntract document s h o uld c o v er l a y o ut , work d e tails , p a y ment m e thod a nd t i m e s c a le . A l l the c o n d ition of c o n t r act m u s t be c h e c k ed b e fore s i g ning i t . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

11. S t e ps during construction S i t e preparation o r l e v e l ing E x c a vation and p c c F o u ndation P l i n t h beam and slab S u p e r s t r ucture - - C o l u m n B r i c k m a s onry work The l i n t e l o v er d o o r windows g a p s F l o o r s l ab or r o o f s t r ucture D o o r window f r a m i ng and f i x a t i o ns E l e c t r i c al and p l umbing E x t e rior f i n i s h i ng T e r r a ce and r o o f f i n i s h ing I n t e r n a l f i n i shing W o o d w o r k and f i x t ure f i t t in gs

12. 1.Site preparation o r l e v eling T he c o n s truction s i t e m u s t b e c l e a n ed b efore the w o rk i s e x e c uted . T h i s w o rk i n v olves the r e m o v a l of r o o t s of t r e e s , d e b r i s and l e v e l ing g r o u nd a r e a . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

13. 2 . E x c a vation and P C C The f o u n dation of b u i l ding g r o u nd i s excavated w ith the help of excavating m a c h i n e s a s p e r the b u i lding d i m e n sions s p e c ified in d r a w ings . I n t his f o u n d ation t r e n c h , a l a y er o f P C C ( p l a i n c e m e nt c o ncrete ) i s l a i d i n d u g p o r t ion b e f ore p l a c ing t he r e i nforcemen ts f or the f o u ndation . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

14. 3 . F o u ndation The building s u p p o r ted on foundation i s t h e l o w e r most p a r t of the building t h at i t is c o n t a ct w ith the s o i l . A b u i lding i s l o a d t r a nsferred f rom the s u p e r s t r ucture t o the s o i l and needs to be e x t remely s t r ong t o h a n dle the l o ad . A f t er t he P C C w o rk f o u ndation r e i nforce ment w o r k i s s t a r t ed , t he foundation b o t t om l e vel m u s t c h eck b e fore concreti n g i t a nd t he r e m aining s p a ce b etween the f o u ndation is f i l l ed with e a r t h . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

15. 4 . P l i n t h beam and slab A f ter the foundation w o rk i s d o ne g r o u nd b e a m f o r m w o r k p r e p a r a tion i s s t a r ted a nd p o u r e d w ith c o n c rete . O v e r the p l i n t h beam , m a s o nry work i s started a n d s p a ce between f o u ndation a nd p l i n t h beam f i l l e d with s o i l . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

16. 5.Superstructure - C o l u mn T he s u p e r s t r ucture i s the p o r t ion a b o ve the p l i n t h l e v el of t he building . The m a in c o m ponent of s u p e r s tructure i s a c o l u mn and b e a m . The c o l u mns a re b u i lt u p t o s l a b l e v el a nd t he f r a me for f u rther Construction i s p r e p ared . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

17. 6 .Brick masonry work A s c o l u mn and b e a m framework c o m p l eted m a s o nry work is started w ith d i f f erent m a t e r ials s u ch as b r i c k s , concrete block s , f l y a s h b r i c k s , e t c . a c c ording to b u i lding d r a wing . M a s onry work is done u sing a c e m ent m o rtar mix , It i s m i x t ure of c e m ent and s a nd . A s per d r awing , gap s a re l a i d f or d o o r s and windows d u ring the m a s o nry work . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

18. 7 . The l i n t e l over door Windows g a p s The lintel i s c o n s t ructed o n the d o o r and window t o s u p p ort the m a s o nry work o v er i t . A fter t h i s f u r t her m a s o nry work is done . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

19. 8 . F l o o r slab or roof s t r ucture T h e n t he f o r m w o rk i s s t a r t ed t o c o n s t ruct s l a b r e s t i ng o n the c o l u mn and b e a m . O v er s l a b formwork , s l a b r e i n forcement i s p l a c ed a s per s l a b d e t a i l ed d r awing . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

20. 9 . D o o r w i n d ow f r a m i n g and f i x a tio ns A f ter that d o o r window f r ames are f i x e d a t t h e ir s p e c i f i ed p o s i tion g i v en i n drawing . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

21. 1 . E l ectrical and p lumbing A s w e k n o w that b u i ldin gs are c o n s t r ucted w ith a c l e an f i n i s h i n w h i ch e l e c trical and p l umbing w ork is n o t v i sible . T h e y are i n s t alled in the w a l l s a nd s l a b s s u ch t hat t h ey are c o n c e a led a nd i n v i s ible a f ter f i nishing w ork is done . The p o i nt a nd p i p e e n d l e f t o u t s u c h that they c an be f i n i shed with e l e c t r i c f i t t ing and plumbing f i xtures . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

22. E l ectric fitting P l u mbing f itting @ a y u s h h a j a r e

23. 1 1 . E x t erior finishing O n c e t his w o r k is c o mpleted , e x t e r nal plastering a nd f i n i shing w ork is s t a r ted . W a t e r p roofing i s a l so d o n e t o p r e vent r i s i n g d a m p n e s s i n the w a l l . E x t ernal c l a d d ing c an a lso be d one t o e n h ance the e l e v ation of the h ouse . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

24. 1 2 . T e r r ace and r o o f f i n i shing O n t o p of the s l a b , w a t e r proofing i s d one t o p revent a ny l e a k a ge in s l a b . G e n e r a lly , t e r r a z z o t i l l i n g i s d o ne t o p r event the s l ab f r om a w e a t h e r i ng e f f ect . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

25. 1 3 . I n t e r nal finishing I n t e r nal w a lls are p l a s t e r w ith s m o o th f i n i shing a nd f l o o r i ng is d one w ith t i l e s . L a t e r o n , the w a lls are p a i n ted o r t e x t u r e d . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

26. 1 4 . W o o d w ork and f i x t ure f i t t ings I t is l a s t step is t h i s p r o c ess , a l m ost c o n s t r uction w ork is c o mpleted and t h en a f ter f u r n i ture w o r k is s t a rted . P a r a l l e y , e l e ctrical f i t t ing , s w i t c h b oard , a nd p l u mbing f i t t ings a re c o m p l ete i n the b a t hroo ms and kitchen a r e a s t o o . T he l a s t step o f b u i lding c onstruction i s i n t e r i or d e c oration w o r k i n c o m p l e t i ng the b u i lding c o nstruction w ith p r o p er f u r n i s h i ng and f a b r i c u s e d . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

27. C o n c l usion H e n c e , t h e s e are the b a s i c s t e ps of building construction , w h i ch c an be d i vided into p r e c o n struction s t e p s a nd d u r ing c o n s truction s t e ps . E a c h a nd every s t e p h a s t h e r e o w n i m p ortan c e in the c o m p l ete procedure . H e n c e , f o r a p r o p er w o r k done , a l l t h e s e s t e ps s h ould be f o l l owed i n p r o p er m a n n er . @ a y u s h h a j a r e

28. T h a nk you @ a y u s h h a j a r e