Con t e nt History Introduction Topic Detail Core in processors & nm ( Nano -Meter) GHz (Clock Speed) Cache Memory Processor Example Processor Diagrams or figures Processor Advantages & disadvantages Conclusion References
History 1. Pre-1970s: Computers used vacuum tubes and electromechanical switches for processing. 2. 1970s: Microprocessors were introduced, starting with Intel's 4004 and 8008. 3. 1980s: 8-bit and 16-bit microprocessors became popular, such as Intel's 8080 and Motorola's 68000. 4. 1990s: Advancements led to 32-bit processors like Intel's 80386 and RISC architectures from IBM and Sun.
History 5. 2000s: Multi-core processors emerged, along with 64-bit computing and mobile processors for smartphones . 6. 2010s: Processors focused on power efficiency, high performance, and integration with AI and IoT devices. 7. 2020s: Continued innovation targets advancements in AI, 5G connectivity, and energy efficiency for future computing needs.
Introduction We all know that in our Mobile, Computers & Laptops there is a component which is the heart of that machine called as “Processor ”. It is used to perform all types of Arithmetic and Logical calculation in our system (What I mean by saying that Arithmetic and Logical calculations, it doesn’t mean that it is a simple addition, subtraction, and so on like that).
processor Detail A processor (CPU) is the logic circuitry that responds to and processes the basic instructions that drive a computer. The CPU is seen as the main and most crucial integrated circuitry (IC) chip in a computer, as it is responsible for interpreting most of computers commands.
Core in processors In the context of computer processors, the term "core" refers to the processing units within a single physical CPU (Central Processing Unit) chip. Each core is capable of independently executing instructions, allowing the CPU to handle multiple tasks simultaneously through parallel processing. The presence of multiple cores in a processor is often referred to as multicore architecture.
nm ( Nano -Meter) in processor In the context of processors and semiconductor manufacturing, "nanometer" (nm) refers to the size of the individual transistors and other components on a microchip. The term represents the distance between transistors and is a crucial metric in determining the overall size and efficiency of a semiconductor device . Specifically, the nanometer measurement indicates the length of the smallest feature that can be reliably manufactured on the chip . Example: A17 Bionic chip 3nm based
GHz (Clock Speed) Clock speed, measured in gigahertz (GHz), indicates how quickly a processor can perform tasks. It represents the number of cycles per second that the processor's internal clock completes. A higher clock speed generally means faster processing, as the processor can execute more instructions in a given time. However, other factors like architecture, core count, and efficiency also influence overall performance . Modern processors typically range from a few hundred megahertz (MHz) to several gigahertz (GHz) in clock speed, with higher values generally indicating better performance potential.
Cache Memory Cache memory is a fast and small type of volatile memory located between the main memory (RAM) and the CPU . It stores frequently accessed data and instructions to speed up processing by reducing access times. Cache operates on the principle of locality, storing recently accessed data for quick retrieval. It comes in different levels (L1, L2, L3), with L1 being the smallest and fastest, directly on the CPU, and L3 being the largest and farthest away. Cache size and organization significantly impact a computer's performance
Processor Example (Mobiles) Qualcomm Snapdragon series Apple A-series Samsung Exynos series MediaTek Dimensity series Huawei Kirin series
Processor Example AMD Ryzen 9 5950X Intel Core i9-12900K Apple M1 Pro and M1 Max AMD Threadripper 3990X Nvidia Grace
Conclusion ARM and FABS are the companies who design the structure or blueprint of our Processor. Dual Core, Quad Core, Octa Core are the floors of our Processor. 14nm, 12nm, 10nm, 5 nm is the minimum space (connection) between different components of our processor. 1 GHz, 1.5 GHz, 2 GHz, 3 GHz, 5GHz are the different versions of doors for our processor. On which the execution speed of the processor depends. And, Cache Memory is the lift (piece of memory) for our processor by which we can provide the data from one floor to another very quickly.
References History : - https://www.computerhope.com/history/processor.htm For basic information :- What is processors? (darshanthakral.com) Processor types:- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_(computing)