Production of ascorbic acid/vitamin c

L-Ascorbic acid manufactured by Metabolic Engineering
Reichstein-Grussner synthesis.
Two-step fermentation process
Mixed fermentation process

1. PRODUCTION OF VITAMIN-C BY METABOLLIC ENGINEERING By: Chaitanya.V MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

2. CONTENTS Introduction L-Ascorbic acid manufactured by Metabollic Engineering Reichstein-Grussner synthesis. Two-step fermentation process Mixed fermentation process References

3. Introduction Vitamin C is known as Ascorbic acid . L-Ascorbic was discovered in 1919,isolated in pure form from lemon juice in 1932.   Molecular FormulaC 6 H 8 O 6 Water soluble  antioxidant   Strong reducing agent Important role in cellular oxidation-reduction reactions. Ascorbic acid .

4. Dietary Sources         orange, kiwi, lemon, guava, grapefruit, and vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, Brussel sprouts and capsicums. The current recommended dietary allowance ( RDA )  60 mg/day. Deficiency         Scurvy (bleeding gums, rashes or red spots,muscle weakness, swollen gums, or weight loss) Most mammals can synthesize vitamin C   from glucose in their liver, except for some species, such as humans(Lacks L-gulonolactone oxidase). L-Ascorbic acid manufactured by Metabollic Engineering Reichstein-Grussner synthesis. Two-step fermentation process Mixed fermentation process

5. Reichstein-Grussner synthesis .                                                                                                                                                                                    Microorganism   Acetobacter xylinum or A. suboxydans   (sorbitol dehydrogenase). DAKS : Diacetone Ketogulonic acid,is formed by oxidize. Submerged bioreactor fermentation process is ideal for this reaction. Duration  24 hours  temperature 30-35°C.    This process is not eco-friendly: Requires high pressure and temperature. Acetone is toxic substance                Glucose                 hydrogenation     Sorbitol              Sorbose         acetone    Diacetone L Sorbose DAKS L-Ascorbic acid

6. Two-step fermentation process                      Sorbitol             Sorbitol                          dehydrogenase Sorbose                 Chemical                 oxidation KLG Raw ascorbic        Acid                   treatment       Purified ascorbic acid Microorganisms  Ketogulonicigenium  , Gluconobacter oxydans   2-Keto L-gluconic acid is the precursor. Two-step fermentation process. Many efforts, such as strains improvements, metabolic regulation and fermentation process optimization, have been made to improve the fermentation efficiency for KLG production Anti-foaming agents are used. Facilitate the settling of debris, Off flavors  Vitamin C production due to low cost and high product quality.

7. Mixed fermentation process A mixed fermentation consisting of  Ketogulonicigenium vulgare and Bacillus endophyticus . B. endophyticus   accelerated the growth and caused excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species in  K. vulgare  , resulting in oxidative stress. The fermentation product from the mixed culture broth in the D-Sorbitol-containing medium was identified as 2-Keto-L-gulonic acid by HPLC.   K. vulgare significantly enhance cell growth and 2-KLG production. Bacillus   endophyticus   provide necessary nutrients.

8. REFERENCES  Industrial microbiology                 -A.H.patel  Article:   Production of Important Organic Acids by Fermentation Research gate: Industrial Fermentation of Vitamin C https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2018.1447854 https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2015.1063970 https://www.nih.gov/

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