Production of sugarcane by tissues culture

Project proposal for Production of sugarcane by tissues culture

1. Production of sugarcane by tissues culture BY : rohini yadav

2. Reporter: xx Date: 2019.6.14 C areer P lanning Project proposal

3. Contents 1. Title 2. Origin and definition of the problem 3. Objectives 4. Scientific utility of the project 5. Review of research conducted/ being conducted on the subject in India and abroad 6. Methodology and experimental technique 7. Yearwise plan of work 8. Facility available and required 9. Budget estimation 10. Outcome of the project.

4. INTRODUCTION Sugarcane , Saccharum spp .belongs to family Poaceae . It is the main sugar production crop that contributes more than 75% of the total sugar pool at the global level. Sugarcane is cultivated as a commercial crop in nearly 60 countries spread over the world. India is the largest producer of sugarcane in the world. Quality seed plays an immense value to keep phase in productivity and sugar recovery. Due to limitation of time taking process to mass multiplication of elite popular varieties there is an importance of substitutes methodology to fasten the multiplication rate and to evolve desirable clones to the changed climatic condition. Tissue culture provide an alternative method for the crop improvement. Plant regeneration from tissue culture of sugarcane has been successfully applied to breeding programs for rapid screening of clones for disease resistance, salt tolerance, herbicide resistance and early maturity and high sugar.

5. USES AND IMPORTANCE OF SUGARCANE Sugarcane is mainly an industrial crop as the cane is supplied to sugar industries. Sugarcane’s products like sugar and fermented products are very important in making and preserving various kinds of medicines like syrups, liquids, capsules etc. Sugarcane provide a juice, which is used for making white sugar, and jaggery and by-products like bagasse and molasses. Green top of cane are a good source of fodder for cattle. Its remains are good manure in alkaline and saline soils.

6. PROBLEM Seed multiplication of newly released varieties of sugarcane is one of the major constraints. Once a desired clone is identified, it usually takes 6-7 years to produce sufficient quality of improved seed material. This long duration causes a major bottleneck in breeding programmes.

7. OBJECTIVE 1. B etter rate of propagation ( micro propagation offers a practical and fast method for mass propagation ) 2. M ore cane and sugar yield than the conventional seed 3 . Disease free variety 4 . Save time 5 . money .

8. SCIENTIFIC UTILITY OF PROJECT Use as a nutritional drink comprises significant amount of minerals, vitamins, and hydrophilic compounds The presence of pharmacological activities is proven in sugarcane juice and its unripened products such as brown sugar, molasses, and jaggery are considered as richest sources of phenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids , and different glycosides . The lipophilic compounds including various policosanols and phytosterols are the important components of sugarcane wax present in sugarcane leaves and shoots are observed with several pharmacological effects such as sympathomimetic , antihypercholesterolemic , and antithrombotic activities.

9. Shenk and Hildebrandt (1972) have reported requirement of high C oncentration of auxin for rooting in sugarcane. Barba et al. (1977) reported that root development requires higher sugar levels in nutrition media. Barba and Nickell (1969) reported that Sugarcane tissues subcultured for O ver 4 years had lost the capability to differentiate shoots. Micropropagation is an in vitro method for clonal multiplication of plants using meristematic or non- meristematic cells/tissues as the explant. Plants can be regenerated directly (adventitiously) from the explant ( Geijskes et al., 2003) or indirectly (de novo) through the callus derived from the explant (Heinz and Mee , 1969). In sugarcane, plants have been produced by direct regeneration from both a pical and axillary meristems (Taylor and Dukie , 1993) and from immature leaf t issues ( Lakshmanan et al., 2002; Geijskes et al., 2003). As with other plant species, REVIEW OF RESEARCH CONDUCTED

10. METHODOLOGY AND TECHNIQUE Types of micropropogation technique in sugarcane 1. Shoot tip culture 2. Meristem culture 3. Callus culture

11. Shoot tips were collected from juvenile sugar-cane plants (3-4 months age) and were used as explants. Sterilization of explants was carried out using 0.1% HgCl2 after washing thoroughly under tap water for 7-10 min. Subsequently the explants were washed gently with sterile DDH2O (double distilled water) in aseptic condition under laminar flow hood. Shoot tips of 2-4 mm were excised and placed on MS (medium supplemented with different combinations of auxin and cytokinin to identify the appropriate media combinations for regeneration of sugar-cane through shoot tip culture. Media were consisted of 3% sucrose, 0.6% agar, pH was adjusted to 5.7 before addition of agar and autoclaved at 120°C for 15 min. 5. Explants were incubated at 25±2°C under 16 h photoperiod regime. SHOOT TIP CULTURE

12. T he regenerated shoots were multiplied manifolds when they were sub-cultured in the same medium within three weeks. The regenerated shoots were devoid of roots. So, for root induction the shoots were excised separately and placed on rooting media. The proper stage of root development was another criterion for selecting plantlets to be transferred to the soil. In vitro regenerated plantlets were transferred to small pots containing mixture of soil and sand for future establishment.

13. Year wise plan 1 ST YEAR- In first year there will be hardly any profit as, all the money will be spend on set up. And the set up will be on the small scale. 2 ND YEAR- profit will increase as compare to the previous year , as set up will be already done and we will focus on selling our product and in making a secure place in market for our product . 3 rd and 4 th year – this will be the year of expanding to large scale, only if when our profit will be more than 50% in small scale. We will buy more land and will increase our production and supply.

14. Facility available and required 1. Fund 2.Tissue culture lab 3. Reagents & chemicals 4 . Electricity 5 .Water supply 6 .Land 7 .labour

15. Budget estimation Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 Funding 50,00,000 land 21,00,000 electricity 15,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 water 10,000 10,000 13,000 15,000 labor 150,000 150,000 170,000 175,000 chemical 100,000 100,000 30,000 Tissue culture lab 5,00,000 equipment 2,00,000 15,000 bonus 20,000 medical 10,000 5,000 5,000 vehicle 4,00,000 petrol 10,000 10,000 25,000 25,000 maintenance 5,000 7,000

16. OUTCOME OF THE PROJECT The use of tissue cultured plant source is by far more profitable than using the conventional plant source in term of the rate of propagation. Thus in the multitude challenges of sugarcane plantation establishment we get more profit . Now , we have large number of sugarcane plant in short period of time .

17. THANK YOU