Production Technology of Berseem

berseem production to obtain high fooder

1. Production technology of berseem Submitted to: Dr. Farhan Khalid Submitted By: M.Abdullah Shaukat (B38) M. Razaullah Tariq (B34) Awon Muhammad (B35) UCA & ES I.U.B

2. Botanical discription: Common Name: Berseem English Name: Egyptian Clover Scientific Name: Trifolium alexandrium Other Spp. White clover Subterranean clover Red clover Crimson clover Family: Leguminoceae (Fabaceae)

3. Berseem: is an annual , hairy, erect forage legume. 30 to 80 cm high. shallow taproot system. stems are hollow, branching at the base, with alternate leaves. Flowers are yellowish-white .

4. Origin & History: Berseem probably originated in Syria. It was introduced into Egypt in the 6th century. into India in the 19th century into Pakistan, South Africa, the USA and Australia in the 20th century .

5. Climate : Requires cool temperature specially during germination and early growth period. Soil: Requires well drained medium to heavy soils. Can be grown in alkaline soil. Climate and soil:

6. Cultural Practices : Sowing Time: Oct-Nov irrigated areas Seedbed preparation : Land is deep ploughed (3-4 ploughing ). Flat beds are prepared. Seed Rate: 20-25 kg/ha . Method of Sowing : Broadcasting in standing water Drilling

7. Fertilizer Rate: (N:P:K) 22:115:00 Weeding: Two hand weeding at 30 days interval. Rotation: Rice- Berseem -Rice Cotton- Berseem Irrigations: 3-4 irrigations after the interval of 10-15 days. .

8. Harvesting Time : Mid December-Mid May Yield: 20-25 tons/ha. Varieties: Joe Burton Saidi Serw 3 Tabor

9. Insect Pests: White Fly Aphid Dusky bug Cutworm Thrips Leaf minor