Production technology of crossandra

complete details about crossandra production

1. Production technology of crossandra by sanjeev. s Production Technology Of Crossandra By Sanjeev. s

2. Crossandra is derived from Greek word krossoi – fringed, Andre – anthers crossandra : fringed anthers.

3. Botanical Name : Crossandra infundibuliformis Common Name : Fire cracker plant, Kanakambaram Family : Acanthaceae Chromosome : 2n = 40 Origin: Indo - Malaya region Taxonomy

4. The common name "firecracker flower" refers to the seed pods, which are found after the flower has dried up , and tend to "explode" when near high humidity or rainfall

5. In Tamil - kanakambaram (கனகாம்பரம்), Malayalam and Telugu and in Kannada - kanakambara. In Maharashtra and Goa it is known as aboli . It is the state flower of Goa .

6. Distribution Tropical as well as subtropical regions South Asia, South America, South Africa and Madagascar In India it is commercially cultivated in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and A.P Occupies 15 % of the area under traditional flowers in Southern states

7. DISTRICT AREA PRODUCTION PRODUCTIVITY Ariyalur 10 hectares 3.36 g/ sq.m Coimbatore NA NA NA Cuddalore 34 hectares 114 ton/ha 3.36 g/ sq.m Dharmapuri 154 hectares 517 ton/ha 3.36 g/ sq.m Dindigul 16 hectares 54 ton/ha 3.36 g/ sq.m Erode 4 hectares 13 ton/ha 3.36 g/ sq.m Kancheepuram 15 hectares 50 ton/ha 3.36 g/ sq.m Kanyakumari NA NA NA Karur 4 hectares 13 ton/ha 3.36 g/ sq.m Krishnagiri 11 hectares 37 ton/ha 3.36 g/ sq.m Madurai 9 hectares 30 ton/ha 3.36 g/ sq.m Nagapattinam NA NA NA Namakkal 3 hectares 10 ton/ha 3.36 g/ sq.m

8. Species OF Crossandra The genus consists of around 40-50 spp. of tropical plants with only a few cultivated spp. namely C. undulaefolia C. nilotica C. guineensis C. flava C. pungens C. undulaefolia is of commercial importance

9. C. undulaefolia Short branching perennial shrub 30-90cm height 5-12 cm, dark green, lustrous Flowers bright orange, salmon to scarlet in colour spiny bract Borne in large densely packed spikes.

10. C.undulaefolia

11. C. guineensis free flowering about 30-60 cm height bracts don’t bear spines pale lilac in colour It can be grown both in sunny situation as well as in partial shade

12. C .guineensis

13. C. nilotica 60 cm height and stem is semi woody Bracts are hairy leaves are elliptic , dark green and glossy 5 lobes long slender corolla tube

14. C .nilotica

15. C. pungens Spikes are yellow in colour bracts broadly ovate, spiny Leaves oblong pale green, traced with pearly veins

16. C.pungens

17. C. flava Unbranched shrub 15-20cm tall with green and erect stem Leaves are glabrous , opposite, ovate to lanceolate in shape and dark green in colour Spike is four sided with yellow green spiny bracts Spikes are bright yellow

18. C.flava

19. varieties Orange Crossandra - tetraploid(2n=40) Delhi Crossandra - triploid (2n=30) Lutea Yellow - tetraploid (2n=40) Sebaculis Red - tetraploid (2n=40)

20. Tetraploid (4n) means a cell or a nucleus containing four homologous set of chromosome. It produce flowers of double size. It can produce seeds . Triploid (3n) means a cell containing three sets of chromosome. So, Flowers cannot produce seeds. So it is propagated through cuttings.

21. Orange Crossandra

22. Delhi Crossandra

23. Lutea Yellow

24. Sebaculis Red

25. Induced mutant variety Kanakadhara Raj kanakambaram Muruvar arasi Subasu Vijaya kanakambaram Neelambari Laksh mi Mutant of Delhi crossandra Mutant of lutea yellow

26. Hybrids From TNAU crossandra hybrid -1 ( yellowish orange ) crossandra hybrid – 2 ( dark pink flower ) From IIHR Arka kanaka ( yellow flower ) Arka Ambara ( orange flower )

27. Arka kanaka

28. Arka Ambara

29. WILD CROSSANDRA Blue crossandra crossandra greenstockii shamrock crossandra yellow splash

30. Blue crossandra

31. Crossandra greenstockii

32. Shamrock crossandra

33. Soil: Fertile, red loamy soil with pH range of 6.0 - 7.5 is ideal Climate: It requires a temperature of 30 - 35°C for growth. It is a shade tolerant to some extent but susceptible to low temperature and frost

34. Propagation Propagated by means of: Seeds Rooted cuttings Tissue culture

35. Tetraploids: Propagated through seeds . Seed rate is 5kg/ha and transplanted 60 DAS . Triploids: Propagated through Rooted cuttings of 10 - 15 cm length 41,700 cuttings/ha.

36. Preparation of field Plough the field thrice. FYM @ 25 t/ha Ridges are formed 60 cm apart Dip the roots of seedlings in Carbendazim (1 g/l of water) Plant the seedlings at 30 cm spacing For seed production the spacing may be 60 x 60 cm

37. FERTILISERS For Tetraploids NPK 75 : 50 : 125 kg / ha – top dress – after 3 months . Repeat at half yearly interval for two years . Apply azospirillum 2 kg / ha – reduce N by 15 kg Spraying ascorbic acid 1000 ppm increases the yield .

38. FERTILISER FOR TRIPLOID Basal - FYM 25 t / ha , gypsum 100 kg / ha , P 50 kg / ha, k 100 kg / ha. Top Dressing – 30th day – Neem cake 250 kg / ha + N 40 kg / ha. 90th day – NPK 40 : 20 : 60 kg / ha.

39. FLOWERING flowering starts in 2-3 months after planting bear flowers throughout the year with a drop during the rainy season takes two days for complete opening and hence picking on alternate days

40. Flowers open in sequence from the base of the spike flowers which are diagonally opposite in the spike open at the same time Takes nearly 15-25 days to complete flowering on a spike

41. picked flowers fade away in 36-48 hours Hence,Packed in cloth or 200 gauge poly bag without ventilation and stored in cool chamber

42. Plant protection Pests Nematode Phorate or Carbofuran 3G at 1 kg a.i./ha a week after planting six months after planting Aphids Spray Dimethoate 30 EC 2 ml/lit. EC : emulsifiable concentrate

43. DISEASES Wilt Wilt is observed in patches. In the field the disease is observed one month after transplanting. Soil drenching with Carbendazim 1 g/lit

44. Aphids

45. WILT

46. HARVEST Flowers are to be picked early in the morning by pulling the corolla out of the calyx Harvesting of flowers is to be done on alternate days Yield : 5 tonnes/ha

47. importance The flowers have no perfume but stay fresh for several days. The tiny flowers are often strung together into strands, sometimes along with white jasmine flowers and therefore in great demand for making garlands which are offered to temple deities or used to adorn women’s hair. This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

48. Crossandra Garlands

49. Rangoli decorations

50. Markets in Tamil Nadu Thovalai ,kannyakumari Koyambedu , Chennai Rasipuram ,Coimbatore Mattudhavani,Madurai Noyyal ,Tiruppur

51. Thank you ….