Production Technology of Guava

Production Technology of Guava

1. Welcome to Our Presentation 3/14/2018 1

2. About Ourselves 3/14/2018 2 Ripon Kumar Mondal 15109049 Sumaya Shemu 15109014 Abdul Hadi 15109005 Denesh Tanchangaya 15109033 Sazib Akan 15109040

3. 3/14/2018 3 Production Technology of Guava

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5. Outline.. Introduction Growing areas in Bangladesh Economic Importance Varieties Climate Requirement Land preparation Planting method Manuring and Fertilization Intercultural operations Harvesting & Yield Post Harvest Management Common Pests & Diseases Management Uses Conclusion 3/14/2018 5

6. Introduction Common name: Guava Scientific name: Psidium guajava L. Family: Myrtaceae 3/14/2018 6 Guava is a common tropical fruits cultivated and enjoyed in many tropical and subtropical regions.  Psidium guajava  is a small tree in the  Myrtle  family ( Myrtaceae ), native to Mexico, Central America, and northern South America.

7. Growing areas in Bangladesh In Bangladesh, it is grown in all the areas but specially , The major guava growing areas are- Barisal,Pabna,Dhaka,Rajshahi,Chittagong ,& Khulna . 3/14/2018 7

8. Economic Importance The fruit is a good source of vitamin C, pectin, calcium and phosphorus. The fruit is used for the preparation of processed products like jams, jellies and nectar.   Guava jelly puree is very popular for its attractive purplish-red colour , pleasant taste and aroma.   Good quality salad can be prepared from the shell (with or without seed core )of ripe fruits.  Leaves of guava are used for curing diarrhea and also for dyeing and tanning. 3/14/2018 8

9. Allahabad 3/14/2018 9 Safeda Varieties

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12. Commercial Varieties Mainly three types of guava are cultivated commercially. Kazi Peara (guava) Bari Peara (BARI, 2003) Thai peara 3/14/2018 12 Kazi Peara

13. Thai peara 3/14/2018 13 Cont……. Bari Peara

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15. Climate Requirement Guava grown under tropical and subtropical climatic zones. young plants are susceptible to drought and cold conditions. In areas with distinct winter season, the yield tends to increase and quality improves. High temperature at the time of fruit development can cause fruit drop. 3/14/2018 15

16. Soil Requirements Well drained, deep loamy ,friable soils are best for guava cultivation. It can be grown in wide range of soils from heavy clay to very sandy in nature. River basins are very well suited for growing Guava fruits Ideal Soil pH-4.5 to 7.0 Avoid water logging conditions as it can cause the root rot. 3/14/2018 16

17. 3/14/2018 17 Propagation Soaking of seeds in water for 12 hours gives about 90 per cent germination. Time of guava propagation is Feb-March and July-August. Guava can also be successfully propagated generally through – Cuttings Air layering Grafting Budding

18. Land preparation Land should be deeply ploughed, harrowed & leveled before planting. Make sure to bring the soil to fine tilth stage. Remove any weeds from previous crops & land should be prepared in such a way that any excess water should be drained out. 3/14/2018 18

19. Planting method Season of planting from June - December. Spacing  5 - 6m in either way is generally followed. Plant the layers with the ball of earth in the centre of pit of 45 cm x 45 cm x 45 cm size filled with FYM 10 Kg, neem cake 1 Kg and top soil. 3/14/2018 19

20. C ont… Guava trees are planted at a distance of 5-6 meters. Trees grow rapidly and fruit in 2-4 years. They live 30-40 years but productivity declines after the 15th year. Guava some time suffers from deficiency of zinc and iron. Spraying the trees with 7.0 gm per litter of ZnSo 4 and 46.5 gm of FeSo 4 improves yield and quality. 3/14/2018 20

21. FYM Fertilizer requirement (g / tree) Age of tree (Year) (Kg/tree) Urea Diammonium Phosphate Muriate of potash 1 5 55 35 15 2 10 115 70 35 3 15 170 105 50 4 20 225 140 65 5 25 345 170 85 6 30 415 205 100 7 35 565 240 115 8 & onwards 40 700 275 135 3/14/2018 21 Manuring and Fertilization Note:-  The fertilizer should be applied in two split doses i.e. 1 st  week of May for rainy season crop and 1 st  week of July for winter season crop. Although guava is grown without application of any manure and fertilizer, it responds well in their application by giving higher yield and better quality fruit .

22. Pruning Blossoming Light annual pruning is necessary after every harvest. Guava flowers twice a year: 1 st in March to April for summer crop. 2 nd in August to September for winter. . Blooming period varies from 25-45 days. Winter crop is usually preferred as it yields higher with fruit of better quality. Guava fruit takes about 125 days to reach maturity after setting. 3/14/2018 22

23. Intercultural operations Irrigation: Guava is mostly grown under rainfed conditions and irrigation is generally not practiced but wherever the irrigation is available, it should be given in summer and October/ Novermber as it enhances the yield of guava tree by increasing fruit set. Intercropping of Guava: Guava orchards may be intercropped with short growing leguminous crops like mash, moong , guar and vegetables. 3/14/2018 23

24. Cont.. Aftercare of Guava Pre-harvest spray of calcium nitrate (2%) two weeks before harvest improve quality at the time of harvest of guava, whereas, the spray of 150 ppm silver nitrate at 5 weeks before harvest and another spray at three weeks after first spray increases the shelf life of guava satisfactorily upto 6 days at room temperature. GA, 90 ppm , sprayed 30 days before harvest improves the fruit quality at harvest and also increases the shelf life of guava. 3/14/2018 24

25. Harvesting & Yield At maturity fruit turns from green to oil green and at ripening creamy in colour . Hand picking of ripened fruits two to three times a week is suggested. The harvesting season many last 8-10 weeks. Grafted plants come into bearing at the age of 3 years and peak harvesting periods are August-September for rainy season crop and Jan-Feb. for winter season crop. Guava develops best flavour and aroma only when they ripe on tree. A ten year old guava tree gives a yield, up to 100 kg of fruit. Fruit is highly perishable, it should be immediately marketer after harvest. 3/14/2018 25

26. Post Harvest Management Grading- Fruits are graded on the basis of their weight, size and colour . Storage- The fresh fruit has a short shelf life and distant marketing can be done only if it is properly stored. Packing- The fruits are packed in baskets made from locally available plant material.   Marketing- Majority of the cultivation sell their produce either through trade agents at village level or commission agents at the market. Transportation- Road transport by trucks / lorries is the most convenient mode of transport due to easy approach from orchards to the market. 3/14/2018 26

27. Common Pests & Diseases Rust ( Puccinia psidii ) Orange to red pustules appearing on leaves, young shoots, flowers and/or fruit; leaves distorted; defoliation of tree; reduced growth; circular lesions on fully expanded leaves with dark borders and yellow halos. 3/14/2018 27

28. Primary method of controlling disease is usually the application of appropriate fungicides. Cultural practices that may reduce the incidence of the disease. 3/14/2018 28 Management

29. Cont.. Anthracnose ( Colletotrichum gloeosporoides ) Sunken, dark colored lesions on mature fruit which may become covered in pink spores. lesions coalesce to form large necrotic patches on surface of fruit. 3/14/2018 29

30. Management The primary method of controlling the disease is to plant resistant guava cultivars. Both systemic and non-systemic fungicides are effective at controlling the disease. 3/14/2018 30

31. Algal leaf spot ( Cephaleuros virescens) Orange,rust-colored,dense,silky tufts on both upper & lower surfaces of leaves which turn reddish-purple in color as they mature. If tufts are scraped away, a thin gray-white or dark-colored necrotic spot remains on the leaf. 3/14/2018 31

32. Management Ensure trees receive adequate fertilization, irrigation and and are properly pruned to avoid stress on the plants and promote air circulation through the canopy. Periodic applications of a copper based fungicide is usually enough to control the disease 3/14/2018 32

33. Fruit Rot   (Phyotophthora nicotianae) Symptoms Management The disease starts at the styler end. Whitish cottony mass develops very fast as the fruit starts ripening and covers the entire fruit surface in few days. Humid weather favours the disease. The diseased fruit drops from the tree. Spray the tree with combination of fungicides metalaxyl + mancozeb (250 g/100 L water) or metalaxyl (100 g/100 L water) or fosetyl -al (300g/100 L water) as soon as the disease is observed, repeat sprays at 15 days interval. 3/14/2018 33

34. Cont.. 3/14/2018 34

35. Fruit Fly  ( Bactrocera dorsalis ) Guava Pests Management Fruit flies deposit eggs in soft skin of ripening guava fruits. After hatching the maggots feed on the soft pulp as a result fruits start rotting and fall on the ground .   i )  Harvest fruits when they are still hard. ii) Collect and destroy all fallen fruits. iii) Apply bait sprays in July-August at 10-15 days intervals (malathion50 EC 200 ml and gur 1 kg in 100 L water). 3/14/2018 35

36. Cont.. 3/14/2018 36

37. Fruit Borers  ( Virachola Isocrates) Pest Management Larvae bore into the fruit and feed on the pulp of the fruit. Spray dimethoate 30 EC (0.03%) at marble stage of the fruit followed by 2 nd spray at 4 weeks interval. 3/14/2018 37

38. Uses Guava fruits may be eaten fresh or processed to produce paste ,jellies or preserves. Dehydrate fruit is used to make guava powder 3/14/2018 38

39. Conclusion Guava is useful in food and many other commercial and industrial applications. Guava fruit is not only a rich source of vitamins but also a good source of minerals. The preservation of fruits especially guava is the pre requisite for the economical and efficient utilization of this perishable commodity in Bangladesh . 13-Mar-18 39

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